摘要:城市化的进程、社会生产力的提高,加速了社会的发展,同样也孕育了一批“城市化的孩子”。流动儿童在成长的关键时期,跟随父母从农村来到城市,接受城市化的洗礼。当“青春期”与“城市化”碰撞,流动儿童的青春期教育又面临着怎样的挑战,流动的经历又给他们带来了怎样的影响。本文以流动儿童为研究视角,青春期教育为研究内容,采用问卷调查和访谈的研究方法,探究家庭、学校、社区青春教育现状。研究发现,在流动儿童接受城市化的洗礼呈现出“低龄化”的背景之下,流动家庭是影响流动儿童青春期教育的主要因素。同时,伴随着流动儿童登记管理制度的逐步建立,社区模式将成为开展流动儿童青春期教育新的探索。
关键词:流动儿童 青春期教育 城市化
Abstract:China is characterized as urbanization and industrialization, and a large number of rural-urban migrant children are rightly under the such impact. These migrant children move from the county sides to cities with their parents in the critical period of growth. When adolescence is conflicted with urbanization, how and what impact has brought to their adolescent education. This paper, taking the migrant children as object, analyzes adolescent education among the families、schools and the communities with the methods of questionnaire and interview. After careful study, we find that family is the key point with the tendency of low age of urbanization. In addition, the mode of community education will be a new way to conduct adolescent education, followed with establishment of registration of migrant children.
Key words: Migrant Children; Adolescent Education; Urbanization
流动儿童在成长的关键时期由农村转入城市,接受城市化的洗礼。与他们父辈不同,属于“第二代移民”的他们,更早的接受城市化的教育,越来越远离农村,在行为和价值观上与城市儿童趋同。但由于流动儿童“身份的特殊性”造成其处于相对弱势的地位。青春期教育承担着个人健康成长,家庭幸福,国家和社会稳定的重要责任。目前,我国青春期教育的现状是:小学阶段基本空白,中学阶段不够深入,流于形式,大学的青春期教育似有似无。流动儿童与非流动儿童在青春期认知意识上趋同,但在认知程度上存在明显差别。研究认为:在流动儿童接受城市化洗礼(主要是学校教育)“低龄化”的背景下,流动家庭成为影响流动儿童青春期教育的主要因素,家庭文化资本的缺失和强烈的教育期望让流动儿童承受不小的家庭压力。随着流动儿童登记管理制度的逐步建立,社区教育模式似乎会成为流动儿童青春期教育的新的探索。