摘要：随着我国市场经济开放程度的不断加大，小微企业的发展成为我国经济发展的重要环节，发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而融资难问题成为当下小微企业发展的一大阻碍，一方面是其自身特点所决定，另一方面商业银行缺乏有效评级手段，且现行对小微企业的内部评级体系不完善也加剧了这一问题。事实上小微企业是一个潜力巨大的经济主体，商业银行若注重小微业务的创新与发展也可为其带来更多经济效益。因此对商业银行现行的小微企业信用评级体系进行改进，使之更加行之有效，可以从根本上缓解小微企业融资难问题，同时从资金安全和经济效益入手推动商业银行小微信贷业务的发展，使两者达到共赢状态。
本文首先介绍了小微企业信用评级的相关理论，包括信用评级方法和信用评级体系的研究综述，结合小微信贷业务管理流程，阐述了信用评级体系在贷前调查、贷中审查审批、贷后管理、贷款定价和授信额度管理方面中的具体应用。然后针对商业银行典型的小微企业信用评级指标体系，指出指标体系设定存在的不足并结合实际延伸了几点小微企业信用评级应用方面的不足。文章最后针对小微企业的特点，借鉴国内外小微企业信用评级在信贷业务中的成功应用，提出在银行信贷管理中小微企业信用评级体系应用的对策，主要包括评级体系的指标权重的改进；评级体系应该针对小微企业特点构建；完善配套改革措施等。
关键词：小微企业 信用评级 风险管理 商业银行
Abstract：With the openness of China's market economy continues to increase, the development of small and micro enterprises has become an important part of China's economic development, and is playing an increasingly important role. However, the problem of financing has become a major obstacle moment small and micro enterprise development, on the one hand is determined by its own characteristics , on the other hand the lack of effective rating means commercial banks , small and micro enterprises and existing internal rating system is imperfect also exacerbated this a problem. In fact small and micro enterprises is a huge potential economic entities , commercial banks if the focus on innovation and development of small and micro businesses can also bring more of its economic benefits. Therefore, the existing commercial banks small and micro enterprises to improve the credit rating system to make it more effective , can ease the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises fundamentally the same time to start promoting small and micro credit operations of commercial banks from the financial security and economic benefits development is to achieve win-win situation between the two states .
This paper introduces the theory of small micro- enterprise credit ratings, including the Review of credit rating methodologies and credit rating system , combined with the small and micro credit business management processes , elaborated credit rating system before lending investigation , review and approval of the loan , the loan after management, loan pricing and credit line management of specific applications. Then for commercial banks typically small and micro enterprise credit rating index system , pointing out the shortcomings of the index system settings and the actual extension of the lack of small micro-enterprise credit rating several applications. Finally, the characteristics for small and micro enterprises , small and micro enterprises from domestic and foreign credit rating successfully applied in the credit business , and propose a solution in the management of small and micro enterprises bank credit credit rating system applications , including heavy index weight rating system improvements ; rating system should focus on the characteristics of small and micro enterprises to build, improve the supporting measures and so on.
Keywords: Credit rating SMEs Risk Management Commercial bank
