摘要：石油对外依存度是指一个国家石油净进口量占本国石油消费量的比例，体现了一国石油消费对国外石油的依赖程度。自1993年我国石油进口量首次超过了出口量，成为石油净进口国以来，中国石油净进口量几乎呈直线上升，我国的石油对外依存度不断提高。石油的分布从总体上来看极端不平衡，储量主要集中在中东地区，而石油对保证我国经济持续发展有着不可估量的战略意义，中国原油进口又主要来自中东、非洲、拉美地区，这些国家又存在很大的不确定性，因此保证石油安全势在必行。不断提高的石油对外依存度反映出我国的能源结构、产业结构存在着一定的问题，随着我国经济发展速度的提高石油需求必然日益攀升，而我国国内主力油田的供油速度开始减缓，接替油田又尚未形成稳定供应，使得我国的石油只得转向进口，对外依存度继续提高，此外由于世界经济的疲态，传统石油消费国的石油需求降低使得石油输出国加大了对于新兴能源消费大国的输出，势必也会进一步提高我国石油的进口量。石油安全问题的日益严重的局势，石油对外依存度过高的现状势必要引起重视，因此在石油的供应方面要拓宽石油供给渠道，形成石油来源多样化，在能源利用方面要积极改善能源消费结构，降低石油资源的依赖性，同时要大力开发新能源和可再生能源，提高此类能源的使用程度，而在石油安全方面则要加强战略石油储备体系建设，保证在特殊时期能保障国内石油的供应。
关键词：石油 对外依存度 能源结构 石油安全
Abstract:Dependence on foreign oil is a country of net oil imports accounted for the proportion of the country's oil consumption，reflects a country's dependence on foreign oil among the oil consumption. Since China's oil imports exceeded exports for the first time in 1993 in which China became a net oil importer,China's net oil imports rose almost linearly,our dependence on foreign oil is continuously raising. Distribution of oil from the overall point of view is extremely unbalanced, reserves are mainly concentrated in the Middle East,and oil has inestimable strategic significance for ensuring sustainable development of China's economy,but China's crude oil imports and mainly from the Middle East, Africa, Latin America which is great uncertainty,to ensure oil security should be emphasized. The high degree of dependence on foreign oil reflects the structure of energy and industry of our country has some problems, with the improvement of China's oil demand,growth rate of the economy will be increasingly rising,but our domestic oil supply rate from the main oilfields began to slow down,the replaced oilfields cannot maintain the oil supply,so the oil has to turn to import which lead dependence on foreign continue to increase.What’s more, due to the weakness of the world economy,oil demand of traditional oil-consuming countries reduced which lead the oil-exporting countries to increase the oil output to the newly energy consumption countries,as the result,our oil imports would be further increased.Since the worsening security situation in the oil problem, excessive dependence on foreign oil is bound to be emphasized,therefore, the oil supply channels should be broaden which make the sources of oil diversified,then in terms of energy use, we should actively improve the energy consumption structure which may reduce the dependence of oil resources,and vigorously develop new energy and renewable energy,third, in terms of oil security, we should strenghen the strategic oil reserve system construction which can ensure the domestic supply of oil in the special time.
Keywords : oil dependence on foreign oil energy structure oil security
