摘要:花色苷是一种水溶性天然色素，在黑花生衣中含量丰富，且具有一定营养和药理作用。花色苷颜色深、易提取、无毒、安全，在食品、药品等方面有着巨大的应用潜力。
以黑花生衣为原料，采用单因素和响应面试验设计优化了黑花生衣中花色苷和总酚的提取工艺参数。结果表明，烘烤后黑花生的花生衣比较容易去除，但是其中花色苷、总酚含量明显减少。花色苷和总酚的最佳提取条件为：温度40°C，时间120min，料液比1:60。此时，花色苷、总酚提取率分别达到6.013mg/100g、47.892mg/g。采用大孔树脂对提取物进行初步纯化，冷冻干燥后测定其还原力、清除DPPH·自由基能力、卵磷脂脂质体中抗氧化能力、清除羟基自由基、清除超氧阴离子。结果表明，黑花生衣提取物具有一定的抗氧化性，其还原力与清除DPPH·自由基能力与提取物中的总酚含量有一定的量效关系。因此，黑花生提取物可以作为抗氧化剂或者功能性食品着色剂。
关键词：黑花生衣；花色苷；多酚；抗氧化性
Abstract:Anthocyanins are a kind of water-solution natural pigment, which are content in black peanuts, and it has nutritional and the pharmacological functions. This pigment with deep color are easy to be extracted and it is a kind of nonpoisonous natural pigment. Also, it has great prospects in foods and medicine.
With black peanut skin as raw material, the best possible combination of extraction parameters was obtained with the response surface methodology (RSM). The resualt show that, if black peanuts skin are baked, they will be easier to removed. But, the content of total polyphenols and anthocyanins are reduced significantly. The optimum extraction parameters were as follows: extraction temperature, 40°C; extraction time, 120min; and sample/solvent ratio, 1:60. At this point, the anthocyanins and the total polyphenols extraction rate are 6.013mg/100g, 47.892mg/g, respectively. The antioxidative activities of extract of black peanut coat, which was purified by macroporous resin, were investigated employing various established in vitro systems including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging, super-oxide anion, hydroxyl radical and anti-lipid peroxidation reducing power. The result showed, the increasing in antioxidant capacity of the extract releate to the phenolice. Accordingly, the extract can be used as a source of potential antioxidant or functional food colorant.
Keywords black peanut coat anthocyanin polyphenol antioxidant activity
