摘要:黑花生衣中含有一类丰富的色素，且这种色素花色苷含量较高，且色泽深，容易提取。花色苷是一种水溶性天然食用色素，安全、无毒、资源丰富，而且具有一定营养和药理作用，在食品、化妆品、医药等方面有着巨大的应用潜力[19]。以黑花生衣为原料，采用酸浸提法，对黑花生衣色素的提取工艺最佳条件进行研究。通过单因素及正交实验研究料液比、浸提时间、浸提温度对黑花生衣色素提取效率的影响，确定黑花生衣色素提取工艺的最佳提取条件为料液比为1∶60、浸提时间为2小时、浸提温度为40℃, 在最佳工艺条件下，花色苷提取率为6.013mg/100g。分别测定温度、pH值、光照、氧化剂、还原剂对花色苷稳定性的影响，结果表明，花色苷色素具有比较好的耐热性，受pH影响很大，在pH2.62处最大吸收峰最大，较短时间的紫外光及可见光照射下，花色苷溶液的吸光度值与散射光下无差异，不同浓度的Vc之间差异不显著，H2O2和Na2SO3对花色苷的稳定性有很大影响。在花色苷的保存及应用时应与其避开。
关键词 黑花生衣；色素；提取；稳定性
Abstract:Black Peanut skin contains a class of rich pigment. This pigment with deep color has high Anthocyanins content and it is easy to be extracted. Anthocyanins are a kind of nonpoisonous and water-solution natural pigment. It has great prospects in foods, cosmetics and medicine, for its nutritional and the pharmacological functions. Used as raw material, black peanut skin is extracted by acid solution and its extraction technology is studied. The effect of different factors on extraction of pigment is investigated though single and multiple factor tests, which contain acid degree, ratio of material to liquid, extraction temperature and extraction time, the optimum condition is that ratio of material to liquid is 1:60, extraction temperature is 40℃ and extraction time is 2 hours. Under the optimum conditions, the extraction rate of anthocyanins is 6.013mg\/100g. Respectively, measuring temperature, pH, light, the oxidant, the reductant, impact on the stability of anthocyanins, the results shows that anthocyanins pigment has good heat resistance, is highly affected by the pH, maximum absorption peak in pH2.62 place, shorter time of ultraviolet and visible light irradiation, the absorbance values of the anthocyanins solution and the scattering light no difference, no significant difference between different concentrations of Vc, H2O2 and Na2SO3 has a great influence on the stability of anthocyanins. In the preservation and application of anthocyanins should avoid.
Key words Black peanut skin Pigment Extraction Stability
