[摘要] 顾太清是清代卓有成就的女词人,她的身世经历坎坷曲折,文学创作却极为丰富,尤以词著称,本文主要研究她的咏物词。在她的词作中咏物词的数量和占其词总数的比例都较大,咏物范围广,填词多师法唐宋词人,尤其是周邦彦、姜夔和李清照,形成了自己清疏秀朗、深幽蕴藉的风格。太清咏物词的一大特点就是以情入词,情理相生。清末词学家王鹏运说,“满洲词人中,男有成容若,女有太清春。” 可见对顾太清词的高度认同。后世学者对其咏物词亦有较高评价。
关键词:顾太清;咏物词;内容;创作特色
ABSTRACT:Gu Taiqing is a successful female poet in the Qing Dynasty. She suffered many asetback during her life, and created abundant words. She is famous on Ci poems, and the main research of this paper is her Ci poems on objects. The number of her Ci poems on objects and the proportion of her total Ci poems is large. And the range of her Ci poems on objects is wide. Learning from the poets in the Tang and Song Dynasty, especial Zhou Bangyan, Jiang Kui, and Li Qingzhao, sheforms her own refined, fresh, profound and restrained style. Writing Ci poems with feelings and logos is her characteristic. Wang Pengyun who is the Late Qing dynasty Ci poem expert said that among the manchuria Ci poets Nalan Rongruo is the most successful man and Gu Taiqing is the most successful woman. So we can see the highly appreciated to her Ci poems. Later ages scholars also have a high evaluation to her Ci poems on objects.
Key words:Gu Taiqing; Ci poems on objects; content; features
“顾太清姓西林觉罗氏,满洲镶蓝旗人,是雍、乾两朝重臣鄂尔泰的侄重孙女。她本名春,字子春,又字梅仙,号太清,别号云槎外史,所以她的真实姓名应是西林春。”[1]这是顾太清后人金启孮先生的说法,也是现在大家公认的说法。清末词学家王鹏运把她和清初的纳兰性德相比,说,“满洲词人中,男有成容若,女有太清春”。 [2]可见词林中人对顾太清的高度认同。
目前,关于顾太清的研究主要涉及以下几个方面:一是对顾太清生平的考证。目前大多数学者基本接受顾太清的后人金启孮先生的说法。二是对其诗词的研究。主要有:魏鉴勋的《论顾太清诗词的思想内容》将顾太清的诗词就内容上分为咏怀、写景、记交游等三大类,认为其词的特点主要是通过个人生活的描写,直抒胸臆,表现了对幸福生活的赞美、对人生坎坷的慨叹、对劳动人民及弱者的同情、对美好事物的追求以及对志同道合的女友的缅怀。卢兴基的《尘梦半生吹短发,清歌一曲送残阳》该文分三部分,分别论述了顾太清的生平经历、思想内容、艺术风格及其在词史上的地位。三是对其小说的研究。主要有:赵伯陶的《<红楼梦影>的作者及其他》论证顾太清确为《红楼梦影》的作者。
综观前人的研究,他们从各方面切入,对顾太清的身世、诗词、小说等创作进行了深入细致的探讨和研究,针对其词作的专著则主要以赏析为主。此外,大多讨论其词作的文章都曾论及其生平和与她相关的“丁香花公案”。太清咏物词在太清所有词中占的比例很大,理应得到进一步的研究,以期发掘其独有的魅力。本文从顾太清生平、咏物词的内容、咏物词的艺术成就三方面,对其进行研究。