摘要:共同但有区别责任原则是国际环境法的基本原则，在国际环境法的实践中起到举足轻重的作用。在《联合国气候变化框架公约》、《京都议定书》等国际环境法条约，以及清洁发展机制、资金机制和友好技术开发与转让机制等国际气候合作机制中都体现了共同但有区别责任原则。但是，在近期的国际气候谈判中，共同但有区别责任原则却没有取得预期的效果，其中原因众多。本文将分析共同但有区别责任原则在实践中遇到的困境，提出相对应的建议。最后，本文结合我国的国情，提出我国作为发展中国家在国际气候合作中落实共同但有区别责任原则的立场和对策。
关键词：国际气候合作；共同责任；有区别责任
Abstract:Common but differentiated responsibilities principle is the basic principle of international environmental law. And it has played a pivotal role in international environmental law. Common but differentiated responsibilities principle regulates in the international environmental law treaties , such as ‘United Nation Climate Change Convention’ and ‘Kyoto Protocol’.And it also regulates in the international climate cooperation mechanism, such as Clean Development Mechanism, Financial Mechanism and Friendly Technology Development And Transfer Mechanism. However, common but differentiated responsibilities principle has not achieved the results that we expect in the international climate negotiations recently. This paper will find out that the difficulties encountered of common but differentiated responsibilities, and analyzing the faults of the principle, propose to improve and develop the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. Finally this paper will suggest that how china assume the international responsibility of climate and environmental management.
Key words: The international climate cooperation; Common responsibility; Differentiated responsibility
当前全人类正面临着极端的环境状况，冰川急剧融化导致的海平面上升，极高温或极寒冷的天气，百年不遇的特大洪水等，这些主要都是由全球气候问题所引起的，所以全球的气候问题成为国际社会的重要议题。国际社会也在积极讨论国际气候合作，共同解决全球气候变暖的问题。当各国在寻求国际合作的过程中，一项国际环境法的新原则逐渐得到确立，即共同但有区别责任原则。共同但有区别责任原则作为一项新的国际环境法原则在许多国际条约中都有所体现，从《联合国气候变化框架公约》到《京都议定书》，再到“巴厘岛路线图”和《哥本哈根协议》，但是该原则在实施上却困难重重，并没有发挥其应有的重要作用。了解该原则的内涵、现状和实施困境，有利于国际气候合作，共同解决全球气候环境恶化的问题。
