摘要:农村环境问题主要表现在生态破坏和环境污染两大方面。近年来，随着经济的发展，农村地区的生态环境日益恶化，农村环境质量明显下降。这不仅直接影响了群众的生存环境和身体健康，而且还制约了农村经济的发展。造成农村环境现状的原因是复杂多变的，其中涉及法律、行政、经济、社会等领域的原因。本文重点从法律的角度分析农村环境保护中存在的问题以及介绍丹麦、日本两个典型国家在农村环境保护法制中的成功经验，然后对立法、执法、法律调整机制等方面提出解决问题的建议，包括完善农村环境立法，加强落实农村环境执法，构建多元的农村环境保护法律调整机制，建立多种农村环境保护法律实施机制，建立环境公益诉讼制度，提高农民的环境保护法律意识。
关键词：农村环境保护；农村环境保护法律问题；立法建议
Abstract:The current statuses of China’s rural environmental problems are ecological deterioration and environmental pollution. In recent years, with the development of economy, China’s rural ecological environment become more and more serious and the quality of rural environment are decrease. It influences not only farmers’ living environment, but also economics’ development in countryside. The author holds that various reasons cause the result. There are about legal, administrative, economy and society. This article will analysis the problems of rural environmental of legal protection and introduces the conditions of countryside environmental protection legal systems in Denmark and Japan which are two models in worldwide. And then, the author makes up some ways to resolve the rural environmental problem in our country from sights of environmental legislation, law enforcement, legal adjustment mechanism, including to improve the rural environmental legislation, strengthen the rural environmental law enforcement, construction of pluralistic rural environmental protection law ,build a variety of rural environmental protection law, to establish environmental public interest litigation system and promote the farmers’ legal awareness of environmental protection.
Key words: rural environmental protection；the problems of rural environmental of legal protection；legislative proposals
农民是农村环境保护的主体，农民环境保护意识的高低直接关系到农村环境的好坏。提高农民环境保护法律意识具体办法有：加强环境伦理教育，培育农民的环境伦理意识和参与意识；发展农村的教育，提高农民的科学文化素质；利用市场机制引导农民自觉发展生态农业和绿色经济；改善农民生活环境，增强环境意识；加强环境制度伦理建设，通过制度德性培养个体的德性；完善信访、举报和听证制度，努力营造节约资源和保护环境的舆论氛围，使他们自觉或不自觉养成保护环境的法律观念。这样才能真正推动农民参与环境保护，从自我做起，同时也起到一定的监督作用。对于县、乡、村镇行政领导干部和乡镇企业的领导，在环境教育方式上可通过开办各种形式的培训班来加大农村环保意识的宣传，在这些群体中开展公德教育、提高其环保意识，培养他们保护环境的社会责任感。在环境教育中着重提高这些领导干部的环境政策水平与环境管理的能力。这样在面对经济发展与环境保护相矛盾时，政府才会做出正确的选择。
