摘要：随着经济全球化进程不断深入，我国与世界各国的贸易往来日趋频繁。根本违约制度作为当今国际货物买卖中广泛适用的一项重要规则，是合同制度中一种强有力的保障机制。但我国现行法律对于根本违约制度没有作出明确的规定，法学界对根本违约也尚未形成一个明确、统一的观点，这将不利于保护合同相对方的合法权益，严重制约着我国法律与世界的接轨。本文通过考察完善我国根本违约的必要性，分析该制度存在的主要问题，对比研究国外的根本违约制度，借鉴国外优秀的立法经验，并且结合我国国情提出完善我国根本违约制度的建议。
关键词：根本违约；合同解除；判断标准；免责条款限制
Abstract:With the deepening of the process of economic globalization, our country’s trading with the whole world is becoming more and more frequent. Fundamental breach of the system is widely applicable in today's international trading is an important contractual rules, is a powerful safeguard mechanism in the contract system. But the current legal system of fundamental breach to be clearly defined, the jurisprudence on fundamental breach of contract has not yet formed a clear, unified view, this will not help to protect the legitimate rights and interests of contract parties, seriously restricting the integration of our laws and the world.
By examining the necessary to improve Chinese fundamental breach of contract in my thesis, you can find the analysis of the main problems of the system by foreign comparative study on the system of fundamental breach of contract, drawing on foreign legislative experience, put forward several recommendations to improve China's fundamental breach of the system.
Key words：Fundamental breach；Rescission of contract；Criterion；Exemption clause restriction
根本违约是从英国普通法中产生的一种违约形态。根本违约制度，是指当合同一方的违约影响了另一方订立合同时所期待的利益，另一方有权解除合同并请求损害赔偿，由此造成的责任不能依免责条款而限制或解除的制度。它是作为在债务人违约的情况下，赋予和限定债权人合同解除权及限制免责条款的规则体系，现在已经成为国际通行的一项重要合同制度。它对当今世界两大法系国家的合同立法和合同领域的国际公约都产生重大的影响。我国虽然是《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》(以下简称公约)的缔约国之一，但是相对发达国家的立法与司法实践而言，我国法律目前尚无成熟、完善的根本违约制度，而且我国现有的根本违约相关规则也存在诸多的不足与缺陷，因此，完善我国的根本违约制度十分有必要。
