摘 要:随着经济全球化的发展，外商不断加大对我国经济的直接投资，有力地促进了我国经济的增长。但伴随着我国对FDI的引入及其产业转移，一定的环境负外部性也相应产生，并在空间上存在跨界效应，给我国的环境带来一定的影响。
本文以污染产业转移为视角，进行FDI的环境外部性研究，主要通过“污染避难所”假说、“污染晕圈”效应与环境效应论三个理论，分析FDI与环境之间的关系；然后通过对FDI污染产业转移现状分析，了解污染产业在我国国内的区域转移趋势，对国际范围内发达国家向发展中国家转移污染产业行为进行阐述分析；最后进行环境外部性问题在空间维度上的跨界效应研究并说明解决污染产业转移视角下FDI环境外部性跨界转移所带来的环境问题的相关办法。尝试提出一定的治理建议，以减少外商直接投资带来的环境负外部效应。从而使FDI与东道国环境效应研究更加具体化，同时也为发展中国家处理FDI与本国环境提供参考建议。这是符合当前中国改革开放和生态文明建设方向的，有助于对外商直接投资行为进行规范并促进我国经济的转型发展，有助于实现低碳经济。
通过研究表明，FDI与东道国环境之间存在一定的因果联系，在我国FDI的负外部性较为突出，同时伴随着外商直接投资在我国三大区域的跨界转移，所带来的环境污染也相应转移。而在国际方面，发达国家想发展中国家转移污染产业的现象有增无减。因此无论是从国家角度还是地方政府角度而言，都要提高环境标准，根据当地环境承载能力择优利用外资，在经济发展的同时，注重引进先进的清洁高效的生产技术，使经济得到可持续地发展。
关键词：FDI；污染产业转移；环境外部性；跨界效应
ABSTRACT:With the development of economic globalization, foreign investors continue to increase the direct investment on China's economy, and has made a big contribution to China's economic growth.But FDI also brings some environment problems and some cross-border effects in space.Although FDI's environment effects have been in a state of contention in the academic community, the phenomenon that foreigners transfer the polluting industries to developings by direct investment is an objective reality.In terms of the transfer of polluting industries,this paper mainly analysises FDI's environmental externalities' cross-border effects on the spatial dimension.And try to make certain governance recommendations to reduce environmental externalities brought by foreign direct investment. Make FDI's environment effects research more specific.
At the same time provides some reference to deal with FDI and domestic environment for developings.This is in line with the current direction of China's reform and opening up and construction of ecological civilization.It is good for specificating foreign direct investment behaviors, promotes the development of China's economic transformation,and will contribute to the achievement of a low-carbon economy.
Keywords: FDI;The transfer of polluting industries;Environmental externalities; Cross-border effects
