摘要:本文首先对纳兰性德及其词作，即后人所称的纳兰词作了简单介绍，然后直入主题。文章主要通过分析重言、示现、用典和映衬四种辞格进而探讨纳兰词的修辞艺术，在此过程中我们运用了文本阅读和实例分析的方法，主要发现：1、纳兰词中大量运用了重言辞格；2、既有单独一种示现辞格的运用，也有几种示现的交错运用；3、广泛用典且平实晓畅不露痕迹；4、映衬辞格的运用独具特色。作为清代词坛独树一帜的词人，纳兰性德凭借的不仅是他倾注于词作中的真情痴心，还有他那独具特色的修辞艺术。
关键词 纳兰词；修辞艺术；重言；示现；用典；映衬
Abstract:This article first makes a brief introduction about Nalanxingde and his works that later generations called Nalan poetries, and then straight into the subject. It mainly analyzes four kinds of speech including double wordage, rhetoric appearance, allusion and contrast, and then explore rhetoric art of Nalan poetries. In this process the methods of analysis consist of text reading and case study .In such an analysis we can find four conclusions including extensive use of double wordage ,single and staggered use in rhetoric appearance, thorough and untracked allusion and particular use of contrast . As the unique poet in Qing Dynasty, Nalan is not only by virtue of his true feelings poured into his works, as well as his unique art of rhetoric.
Keywords Nalan poetries rhetoric art double wordage rhetoric appearance allusion contrast
纳兰词是对纳兰性德词作的统称，也是后人将其《侧帽集》和《饮水词》两部词集增遗补缺编辑一处而成的词集。纳兰词独特鲜明的艺术魅力日益成为后人评论研究的焦点。早期主要是一些学者带有强烈主观色彩的零散评价，多见于序、跋、词论、碑文等等。到二十一世纪初期，出现了为数不多的纳兰词研究专著，如张阴的《纳兰性德传》，陈铨的《清代第一词家纳兰性德传及其著作》，徐裕昆的《纳兰容若评传》等等。再后，有罗慕华、王国维、梁启超的研究。改革开放之后，相关研究文章逐渐增多，研究的力度、深度、广度也得到了加强，从纳兰词的研究拓展到纳兰性德其人其事。到目前来看，纳兰词的语言修辞研究成果虽丰，但仍然未形成合理的系统，没有完全剖析开其艺术性，显得不够贴近语言和文学本身。汉语语言研究不仅要把握当下、展望未来，更要借鉴传统，本文主要是通过重言、示现、用典和映衬四个辞格分析研究纳兰词的修辞艺术，并努力做到从文学和语言理论两个角度结合分析。这对于纳兰词本身和纳兰词研究来说都具有重大意义。
