摘要:蒲松龄在《聊斋志异》中塑造了异彩纷呈的狐妖形象,他们有男有女、有老有少,其中以女狐形象最为突出。它们勇于冲破封建藩篱,秀外慧中、才智超群、颇具人性。与以往传奇作品中的狐仙形象有很大不同,带有作者高度的自我价值期许和浓厚的理想化色彩以及强烈的现实对照性。以有情有性的狐仙形象为对照,痛斥了统治阶级的无情无性,反映了底层百姓的生活疾苦。充分体现了作者高尚的人格、先进的思想境界和卓尔不群的审美理想。
关键词:聊斋志异 狐妖 形象
Abstract:There exist colorful images of fox spirits in the book of Strange Tales of Liao-Zhai, by Pu Songling, including figures from young to old, men or women. Through all these characters, female fox spirits turn out to be the most outstanding. They are endowed with human nature, beautiful and intelligent, and are brave enough to break the feudal barriers. What makes these spirits distinct from images in traditional sagas is the reality based self-expectation and strong idealistic thoughts of the author. The book revealed the sufferings of the bottom people by the contrast between the humanistic fox spirits and the cruel ruling class. Altogether reflect the noble personality, advanced thoughts and a different kind of aesthetic aspiration of the author.
Key Words:Strange Tales of Liao-Zhai fox spirit figure
《聊斋志异》中的狐仙形象带有作者高度的自我价值的期许和浓厚的理想化色彩以及强烈的现实对照性。美丽的女狐们几乎是全方位地满足了士子们的一切欲望,不论是现实世界物质生活的支持,还是精神世界的理解与赏识,都以它们特有的温柔善良、美丽聪慧、勤劳能干和诚实坚强,抚慰了士子们寂寞而受伤的心灵,改变了他们的生活境遇,恢复了他们渴望已久的自信和自尊。它们虽为鬼魅,但精神自由,灵魂高洁,对爱情矢志不渝,能与爱人情投意合、不离不弃。作者更通过这一个个美艳绝代的女狐形象,表达了对封建男权社会重压下生存的封建妇女的无限同情。而男狐形象则包含作者对自身理想形象的期望,和对社会各阶层形象的全面反映。以狐仙形象与现实世界相对应,进而鞭挞了封建社会的吃人本性,以自己的亲身经历为基础,以有情有性的狐仙形象为对照,痛斥了统治阶级的无情无性,反映了底层百姓的生活疾苦。充分体现了作者高尚的人格和先进的思想境界。用生花妙笔,为自己,也为读者编织了一个光怪陆离、五彩斑斓的理想世界。