摘要:《诗经》作为中国最早的诗歌总集,在漫长的文学发展史上,《诗经》无疑是一部永恒的经典,它是对西周初期到春秋中期大约五百年间社会生活的完美诠释,更是一部反映流浪者意识的流浪者之歌。漂泊无根的流浪者意识始终是作家们所热衷的主题。而最早的流浪者意识就源自于《诗经》。当中的《小戎》、《何草不黄》、《兔爰》、《有狐》、《鸨羽》等诗歌都是流浪者们的自吟,展现了流浪者的思想情感意识——反战意识、忧患意识、人本意识。本文试图通过对《诗经》的流浪者意识的探究,去探索《诗经》独特的文学价值和思想内涵。
关键词:《诗经》;流浪者;反战意识;忧患意识;人本意识
ABSTRACT:The "book of songs" as the first collection of poems in China, in the long history of literature, the "book of songs" is a timeless classic, it is to early western zhou dynasty to the spring and autumn middle social life the perfect interpretation of about five hundred years, is a reflection of consciousness of homeless wanderer. Drift rootless wanderer consciousness has always been a favorite theme writers. And the earliest rangers consciousness is originated in the book of songs. Of the small si, the grass does not yellow, hence the "rabbit", "fox", "moment feather" and so on are homeless since the song poetry, show the wanderer's thought emotion consciousness - anti-war consciousness, suffering consciousness, humanism consciousness. Of "the book of songs", this article attempts through to the homeless people consciousness of exploration, to explore the "book of songs.
Keywords: The book of songs; Homeless; Anti-war awareness; Suffering consciousness; Humanistic consciousness
《诗经》中的流浪者可以分为身体流浪者和心灵流浪者两大类,身体流浪者多指居无定所、不能满足自身所需且富有胃险精神和坚韧意志的人群;而心灵流浪者则指本身没有精神寄托,或是被迫流亡别国及他乡并因此没有归属感及精神寄托的人群。二者没有明确的界限,不是非此即彼的对立关系,一个人可能既是身体流浪者又是心灵流浪者。这些人没能很好地实现自己最初的愿望,从某种意义上说,他们是“失败者”,是时代的牺牲品。我们从他们身上可以了解到一个朝代、一个国家的政治、经济、文化的发展状况,可以看出当局者是清正廉洁还是昏庸无能。总之,《诗经》中的流浪者,无论是没落贵族、小官吏还是思妇、戍卒、农民,都明显表现出了他们的反战意识、忧患意识及人本意识。同时也反映了周王朝在某个阶段的现实,政治黑暗,民不聊生,小人当道,天灾无情,人祸无义。流浪者体现着反战意识、忧患意识、人本意识,在这三种意识中,人本意识是基础,是周朝的主流意识,反战意识和忧患意识由其衍生出来。