[摘要]元代著名剧作家关汉卿是我国古代文学史上最伟大的戏曲家,他塑造了一系列璀璨夺目的女性形象,她们以反传统的面貌,叛逆的精神,崭新的道德观念而大放异彩。她们挑战父权夫权,反抗权豪势要;她们淡薄贞义节烈,追求男女平等;她们反叛封建礼教,质疑天地鬼神。她们不顺从命运的摆布,以其特有的姿态,以位卑不屈的勇敢精神向黑暗世界控诉冤情,发出了抗争的最强音,表达了她们追求美好生活的愿望。
[关键词]关汉卿杂剧;女性形象;女性意识;女性观;形象意义
[Abstract] Guan Hanqing ,the famous playwright in Yuan Dynasty is the greatest dramatist during the China's ancient literature history, he created a series of dazzling image of women, their unconventional appearance, rebellious spirit, new moral concept and shine. They challenge the right of the patriarchal, against the right to high potential; weak Chen Yi chastity, pursuit of equality between men and women; they rebel against the feudal ethics, challenged the world spirits. They do not obey the fate, with its peculiar attitude, indomitable courage to humble to the dark world, accuse grievances, issued a protest most ictus, expressing their aspiration for a better life.
[Key words] Guan Hanqing; Drama; image of women; comparison; awareness
关汉卿是我国戏曲文学史上最伟大的剧作家之一,不论是反映元代社会生活,还是反映社会现实,都达到了杂剧创作的最高峰。在那个女子和文人都受到歧视的年代,他用“超出流俗”[1]的远见,如橼之笔,曲尽人情、字字本色的塑造了一大批形形色色、生动有趣的女性人物形象。在他的作品中,只要是女性形象,大都性格突出而生动,情感强烈而丰富。她们无论是幸福还是坎坷的命运都紧紧的抓住了观众和读者的视线,而她们不屈的勇气、过人的才气以及强烈的反抗精神、自主意识更是震惊了当时和后来的很多人。
本文将对关剧中的女性形象作一个整体的介绍和分析,然后与其它名作中的女性形象作比较,从而谈论他杂剧中体现的前瞻的女性意识并分析其对待女性的态度,进而探析他的杂剧创作的文学价值和社会价值。