[摘要]元朝时期，文学有了市井娱乐的作用，当时的文学既重视文学欣赏又要考虑民众的接受程度，因此语言较为通俗。杂剧是其中民众接受最广泛的文学形式，语言最为通俗，最能体现当时的语言特点。关汉卿是元曲四大家之首，他的作品广为人知，表示他的语言最能为大众所接受，较广泛地体现了元朝时期的用词特点。否定词一直是广大汉语研究者们研究的重点，它体现了我国语言由繁入简的全过程。由于对元曲否定词的研究很少，本论文在认真搜集语料的基础上，对《汇校详注关汉卿集（蓝立萱校注）》（中华书局）中的否定词进行了细致的统计和分类，将其中出现的否定词按语用意义分为“不”类否定词、“未”类否定词、“非”类否定词、“莫”类否定词和奋斗才能“别”，从而就否定词的使用方法及意义做了系统的研究，分析概括出了否定词使用的特点及其对句子整体的作用和意义。
[关键词] 关汉卿 杂剧 否定词 分类 语用特征 意义
[Abstract] The Yuan Dynasty, literature have the usage of entertainment, the literature is of great importance to literary appreciation and acceptance of people, so the more popular language. Drama is one of the most widely accepted form of literature, language is the most popular, most can manifest the linguistic characteristics. Guan Hanqing is the four everybody the yuan verse, his works are widely known, said his language can be accepted by the public, more widely reflected in Yuan Dynasty, the word characteristics. Negation has been the vast number of Chinese researchers focus, it reflects the Chinese language from the whole process of complexity to simplicity. Because few studies of the Yuan Dynasty negative words, in this paper, based on a carefully data collection, "the school of detailing Guan Hanqing set (blue Li Xuan school note") (Zhonghua) negative words in the statistics and classification and detailed, which appeared the negative words with the meaning of "not to note" negative words, "not" negative words, "not" negative words, negative words and "Mo" class struggle to "don't", which is negative and significance to use word do the system research, analysis summarizes the characteristics of negative word use and its effect on the sentence as a whole and the significance.
[Key words] Guan Hanqing drama negative words classification pragmatic features significance
