摘要:元代著名诗人萨都剌一生仕途不顺,长期在外为官。而这独特的羁旅生涯,也成就了他的诗歌创作。在其羁旅生涯中,京杭大运河作为南北交通重要通道,与萨都剌结下了不解之缘,他在运河沿线创作了许多诗歌,或咏史怀古,或写景纪游。既展现了丰富多彩的运河风物,也表达了自己的行旅情感,成为运河文化研究的宝贵资料。
关键词:萨都剌 ; 京杭大运河 ;行旅诗歌
Abstract:The famous poet Sadula in the Yuan dynasty was not smooth in terms of his official in the field of his life. However, the particalar wandering life also achieve his poetry creation.In his life,Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal as an important north-south traffic channel forged a bond with Sadula .He wrote many poems along the canal,some about the ode to history and nostalgia,some about the scenery, which both showed the colorful scenery of canal,also expressed his travelled feelings,and became a valuable information of Canal Cultural Studies.
Keyword: Sadula; Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal; travelled poetry
元朝定都北京后,为了解决南粮北调的问题,对隋唐大运河进行了裁弯取直的整修,贯通南北的京杭大运河成为最重要的漕运航道和行旅线路。随着京杭大运河的开通,运河沿线的经济也得到了充分的发展,很多村镇由此兴旺,成为著名的运河城市。而有“有元一代词人之冠”美誉的萨都剌也与运河结下了不解之缘。萨都剌[1],字天赐,号直斋,色目人,其“为诗声色相兼,奇正互出,无长吉之奇彩,有长吉之高格,雅溯中原迭代之人,不可多得也。”[2]他羁旅一生,仕途不顺,四十六岁才进士及第,此后在镇江、福建、河南等地出任官职,也因此得以游历徐州、淮安、扬州、苏州、嘉兴、杭州等运河城市,并在这些地方留下了宝贵的诗歌遗产,反映了运河沿线城市的风土人情。赵孟坚有言:“诗非一艺也,德之章,心之声也。其寓之篇什,随体赋格,亦犹水之随地赋行。”[3] 本文旨在通过萨都剌运河行旅诗的分析研究,来追寻诗人在历史的长河中留下的足迹,再现其感情世界,探寻当时的风土人情和大运河的风物文化。