摘要:土豆是一种世界性的经济作物，也是一种重要的化工原料。它是我国主要经济作物之一，在我国各地均有栽培，种植面积居世界第二，产量居世界之首，一年四季均有收获。随着农业产业结构的调整和产业道路的实施，土豆种植面积稳中有增。土豆收获作业劳动量大，耗时费工，实现机械化收获是其必然方向。近年来，土豆收获机械的研制与推广有了较大发展。目前国内机型以小型、配套动力小、结构简单、轻便为主。但由于土豆茎杆的存在，在收获过程中不得不先除去茎杆，这样又加大了劳动强度，也使得研制机具的技术水平与国外相差甚大，严重制约了土豆产业化的发展。为了减轻农民的劳动强度，节约时间，通过对国内外具有代表性土豆收获机械的研究和讨论，对比它们的结构和工作特点的基础上确定了一种新型土豆联合收获机械的茎薯分离与起获设计方案。实现茎薯分离后土薯进一步分离并将土豆均匀的铺放于本陇，不影响下一陇的继续作业，而且便于捡拾，从而减轻了土豆收获的劳动量，提高劳动生产率。
关键词：土豆；茎薯分离；联合收获机
Abstract:Potato is a kind of worldwide economic crop, also is a kind of important chemical raw materials. It is our country one of main economy crop, planting spread all over the country, cultivate an area to reside the world the second, output ranks first in the world, all the year round all the harvest. As the adjustment of agricultural industry structure and path of industry implementation, potato planting area is firm in have add. Potato harvesting large amount of labor, time consuming and labor, realize harvesting mechanization is the inevitable direction. In recent years, the potato harvesting machinery research and promotion had greater progress. At present the domestic models with small, small matched power, simple structure, the main light. But as a result of potato stem exists, in the harvesting process to remove stalks, and increase the labor intensity, also makes the development of equipment technology level and abroad also differs very big, seriously restricting the potato industrialization development. In order to reduce the labor intensity of farmers, saving time, through to the domestic and international representative potato harvesting machinery research and discuss, in contrast to their structure and work characteristics were determined on the basis of a new potato harvester stalk separation and recovery design of potato. Realization of potatoes from potato stem after further separated and potatoes evenly laid on the long, not under the influence of a long continuous operation, and is easy to pick up. In order to reduce the potato harvesting of labor, improve labor productivity.
Keywords：Potato; Stem tuber separation; combine harvester
