摘要:随着第一批7家试点小额贷款公司的成功运作，2008年银监会和人民银行联合发布了《关于小额贷款公司试点的指导意见》（银监发[2008]23号），之后，小额贷款公司如雨后春笋一般在全国各地涌现。小额贷款公司的应运而生，不仅在一定程度上解决了中小企业融资难的问题，而且也对地方经济带来了积极的影响。但在其发展过程中，由于其只放贷不吸收存款的组织特性，小额贷款公司的资金缺位问题一直是遏制其可持续发展、损害其更好地服务于“三农”和中小企业的根源，除此之外，还存在缺乏相应的政策扶持，融资渠道不畅，利润水平低，未被纳入征信体系等方面问题。小额贷款公司性质的不明确是其产生融资问题的本质所在，而小额贷款公司的原始资金不足和后续资金融入不畅是加剧其融资困难的原因所在。本文简要介绍了小额贷款公司的定义、服务对象及特点、作用，并结合实际，重点分析了小额贷款公司在发展过程中遇到的困难，并提出了相应的解决对策。
关键词：小额贷款公司，融资渠道，经营风险
Abstract: As the first batch of 7 pilot micro-credit company's successful operation in 2008, the CBRC and the people's Bank of China jointly issued" on the small loan company pilot guidance" ( silver hair [2008] 23 date), then, small loan companies such as bamboo shoots after a spring rain in all parts of the country have generally. Small loan company emerges as the times require, not only to a certain extent, solve the financing difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprises, but also on the local economy has brought positive effects. But in its development process, because of its lending not only absorb deposits organization characteristic, the petty loan company's capital vacancy problem is always contain the damage to its sustainable development, to better serve the "three rural" and the small and medium-sized enterprise roots, in addition, also lack the corresponding policy support, financing channel not free, the low level of profits, not be incorporated into the credit system problems. The petty loan company nature uncertainty is the essence of the problem of financing, and the petty loan company's original capital inadequacy and follow-up financing not free is intensifying its financing difficult reason. This paper briefly introduces the definition of small loan companies, service object and the characteristics, function, and combined with the practice, focus on the analysis of the small loan companies in the development process of the difficulties encountered, and provided the corresponding countermeasures.
Key words: small loan company,financing channel,operation risk
在我国，小额贷款公司是“影子银行”体系里最活跃的新业态之一，对地方的经济发展具有重要的现实意义，它的存在，不仅架起了民间资金和中小企业之间资金融通的桥梁，而且为民间资金涉足金融开辟了新的途径，是投资、创业及中小企业的重要融资渠道之一。虽然全国成立的小额贷款公司机构很多，增长速度极快，但受其法定身份、融资渠道、风控手段等多个制约因素影响，仍有许多影响该类机构可持续发展的现实问题亟待研究解决。我国的小额贷款公司必须坚持以市场为基础的运作方式，努力减少不利因素的影响；将贷款支持和技术服务相结合，实现扶贫、高还贷率和机构持续发展三者的协调，小额贷款公司必将能在中国的金融界实现可持续发展。
