摘要:中国制造业在国际产业链中就像一个“微笑曲线”一样,一端是产品研发、零部件生产、品牌与专利,另一端是销售、售后服务,两段附加值高,中间是加工组装制造,附加值低,中国大量的企业集中在中间这块。我们通过“微笑曲线”理论深入地剖析了“中国制造”的由来及现存问题,并以此为基础全面分析了“中国制造”目前在国际产业链上所处的真正地位和在竞争中所面临的危机,最后提出了相应的对策建议。
关键词: 微笑曲线 产业链 中国制造 中国创造
ABSTRACT:China's manufacturing industry in international just like a “smile curve”, the end is the product research and development, the spare parts manufacturing, brand and the patent, and the other end is sales and after sales service, high added value two paragraphs, the middle one is processing assembly manufacturing, the low added value, the large number of Chinese enterprise concentrated in the middle. We through the "smiling curve" theory more deeply analyzes the "made in China" origin and existing problems, and based on this comprehensive analysis of the "made in China" is currently in the international industry chain in the real position and in the competition facing the crisis, Finally puts forward the corresponding countermeasures.
Key Words:Smile curve Industrial chain Made in china Made by china
中国制造业处于九大支柱行业中,其经济地位是不容忽视的。但是,在经济全球化的情势下,中国的贸易和中国企业仍然面临一些实质性的问题。由于中国贸易在结构上仍以加工贸易为主,加工贸易占了重要比重。在“微笑曲线”中我国竞争优势主要集中于下游的劳动密集型产业,而不是上游的技术密集型产业,“中国制造”创造的产品数量与创造的价值不相适应,附加值低,中国还不是真正的“世界工厂”。
中国企业在核心竞争力方面即知识产权方面处于弱势地位,知识产权的生产能力弱,转化能力弱。这是影响中国贸易与中国企业今后发展的最大问题。当然还面临着本国人口与资源所形成的约束性因素的制约和来自国际规则、发达国家的各种变异贸易壁垒与政策所产生的障碍。中国要成为真正的贸易强国,成为真正的“世界工厂”,还有很长的路等待着我们!