摘要：未成年人犯罪是指18周岁以下的公民实施的违反刑法应受刑罚处罚的行为。未成年人犯罪是社会备受关注的重点问题，有效降低未成年人犯罪率是整个社会的希愿。武进区未成年人犯罪现状虽未达到特别严重的程度，但也需引起重视。近几年武进区未成年人犯罪有增有减，保持在一定范围内，有趋向低龄化、暴力化、团伙化等特点，并且独生子女、失学青少年犯罪较为突出。究其原因，除了未成年人自身心理等因素的影响，还是家庭、学校、网络等社会因素导致的结果。根据《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》，结合“教育为主，惩罚为辅”的方针，对于犯罪的未成年人根据情况应从轻或减轻处罚。有效地预防未成年人犯罪是解决未成年人犯罪的首要问题，这需要全社会共同配合，从加强未成年人自身素质到净化整个社会环境，学校、家庭、社会共同预防，才能达到理想的效果。
关键词：未成年人；犯罪原因；犯罪特点；犯罪预防
Abstract:Juvenile delinquency refers to the behavior of their citizens under the age of 18 in violation of Penal Code shall be subject to criminal punishment. Juvenile delinquency has been a focus on the social problem of concern, and effectively reduce the probability of juvenile delinquency is the hope of the entire society. Wujin District, for a typical juvenile delinquency status quo has not yet reached a particularly serious level, but also need to pay attention. In recent years, Wujin District, juvenile delinquency increases and decreases remain within a certain range, but there tends to the characteristics of younger age, violence, gang, and only one child, out-of-school juvenile delinquency is more prominent. The reason, in addition to the minors psychological factors, mainly caused by social factors such as family, school, network results, with the increase of divorced families, many minors in this situation due to their various physiological or psychological factors, coupled with adverse culture to enrich the market of misleading, embarked on a crime of no return. The policy of the People's Republic of China on Protection of Minors Act, combined with education, supplemented by punishment "for crime, minors under the circumstances and given a lighter or mitigated punishment. Effective prevention of juvenile delinquency is to solve the primary problem of juvenile delinquency. This requires that the whole of society with strengthening the quality of the minors to purify the social environment of schools, families, social together to prevent, to achieve the desired effect.
Key words：minors, the causes of crime, the characteristics of crime, crime prevention
未成年人是国家的希望与未来，是祖国正在蓬勃生长的花骨朵，确保每一个未成年人的身心得到健康发展，将来的每一个人都能绽放出美丽的花朵，是整个社会的一个重要课题。随着改革开放的发展与社会的进步，社会环境越来越复杂，对未成年人成长造成影响的诱因也越来越多。近年来，未成年人犯罪成为人们广泛关注的话题，虽然国家一直有针对未成年人犯罪的政策与方针，但是未成年人犯罪人数仍然呈上升趋势，未成年人犯罪特点也日益突出——低龄化、暴力化、团伙化等，令人不得不正视并且高度重视此问题。分析原因，主要还是未成年人自身生理与心理特点以及家庭、学校和社会等环境的影响，要想全面预防未成年人犯罪，三者必须协调一致，共同合作，创造最美好纯净的成长学习环境给未成年人，并且落实未成年人保护制度，贯彻未成年犯罪者的刑事政策，教育为主，惩罚为辅，确保走上歧路的未成年人能痛改前非，重新开始。最主要还是要建立健全有效的预防制度，从根本上防止未成年人犯罪的发生，促进社会主义和谐社会的稳定发展。
