摘要：人口老龄化和养老问题被认为是21世纪三大世界性社会问题之一。中国早已进入了老龄化社会，而且，作为世界上老年人口最多的国家，养老已成为我国必须面对的难题之一。随着经济水平的提高，人们价值观念的变化，以及家庭结构小型化和高龄化这越来越明显的趋势，人们对养老机构的需求也在不断的提高，机构养老已逐渐成为我国养老方式中的重要一环。而老年人的精神需求，尤其是养老机构中老年人的精神需求问题也逐渐成为当今和谐社会构建过程中的一个重要课题。
增权是社会工作模式之一，其在欧美国家或是我国的香港地区，有了一定的发展，不过在大陆地区尚处于起步阶段，这种工作模式以其承认主体的积极性、充分肯定主体的价值、用优势视角看待人和事等特点越来越来受到广大专家学者们的青睐与推崇，本文从增全理论视角来对机构老年人的精神需求满足状况进行研究，并从多个层次和角度来对老年人的精神需求满足途径与方式进行深入探讨，以求帮助机构中的老年人度过一个充实、愉悦的晚年。
关键词：养老机构；老人；精神需求；增权
Abstract:An aging population and pension problems was thought to be one of the three major international social problem in the 21st century. China already entered the aging society，and As the most elderly populous country on the world，endowment is one of the problem we must dissolve. Along with the economic development，and the change of people’values. And family structure miniaturization and the trend of the squared is more and more obvious，Endowment needs of the organization is also in constant improving，Institution endowment has gradually become the important way of China's endowment. The old people's needs include material needs and spiritual requirements, and in the research of endowment institutions，the material aspects is more attentive than spiritual aspects, even if there is a spirit of demand for research, also regard old people as mental illness group, and treat them in
the view of psychology, or to speak generally about the demand group，but the maneuverability is not strong.
Empowerment is one of the mode of social work, it has certain of development in European and American countries or China's Hong Kong area, but still at the beginning in mainland area, but this method has many advantages，like its subject's enthusiasm, fully admit the subject, the value of the perspective view people and things with advantage characteristics . So I try to research from the perspective of the spirit of the old people in institutions, in order to help elderly people in organizations spend a full, cheerful life.
Key words ：Endowment institutions; The aged; Spiritual needs; Empowerment
“老有所养、老有所医、老有所学、老有所教、老有所为、老有所乐”的生活要求，是一个摆在我们面前的重要课题。养老问题也越来越受到党和政府的高度重视。机构养老是当今我国养老体系中不可或缺的组成部分，而养老机构中老年人的精神需求满足是机构养老的重要组成内容，并且需要更多人去关注和投入精力。本文以常州某福利院为例，综合运用社会学、老年学和老年社会学等相关学科的知识和技巧，通过文献法、问卷调查法和访谈法对该机构中的老年人的群体特征、精神需求、以及面临的问题进行了前期的调研和分析，通过对相关文献的研究以及对这一群体的调研所得，发现老年人存在着孤独感强、忍气吞声、自身认同感低等问题，并且较为全面的对这些问题产生的深层次原因进行了论述，而且根据增权视角从老年人个人层面、人际层面、老年机构层面和政府层面进行了有益的探讨和分析。本文从增权理论视角来对机构老年人的精神需求满足状况进行研究，并从多个层次和角度来对老年人的精神需求满足途径与方式进行深入探讨，以求帮助机构中的老年人度过一个充实、愉悦的晚年。但由于调查范围较小，加上本人学识及能力有限，因此本研究所得是否适合其他地区的老年机构，有待进一步研究。
