摘要:死刑以其极端性、毁灭性、残酷性,历来是任何一个国家惩罚和铲除罪犯的强有力的手段。在漫长的中国古代社会里,每个时期的法律规则和法律制度体系都有与之相适应的刑罚方法与刑罚制度。各种死刑执行方法之所以成为与人类文明进程共生的现象,并历经几千年而不衰,这是非常值得人们去探讨的。中国古代的酷刑不仅名目繁多、花样翻新,而且在残酷程度上令人毛骨悚然,触目惊心。死刑制度对中国人社会生活、社会心理有久远影响,本文在收集资料的基础上,对中国古代的死刑作了细致的分类,实现对死刑制度进行全方位了解和深入探讨的目的。首先对古代死刑制度进行考察,然后深入分析了死刑制度背后的文化观念在该部分。
关键词: 中国古代;死刑;死刑执行
Abstract: The death penalty always is any country criminal punishment and eradicate the powerful means by extreme, destructive, cruelty. Of ancient chinese society, every time the rules of law and legal system are to meet the punishment from death penalty system. all the way so as to human civilization of the normalization process, and passed through several thousand years and it is very worthy to be explored. Ancient Chinese torture is not only of numerous, pattern is renovated, but also cruel extent horrific, shocking. The death penalty system for Chinese social life, social psychology has long influence in collecting material, based on the collection of data about the death penalty in ancient China, made a detailed classification of death penalty, to realize all-round understanding and depth of the purpose of the death penalty, first ancient are examined and then deeply analyzes the cultural concept behind the death penalty in this section.
Key words: ancient china ;death penalty; execution
死刑,它是剥夺人生命的刑罚,在中国古代又称极刑、大辟,在刑罚体系中最为严厉。中国古代的刑罚制度是为保护统治阶级的利益,巩固统治阶级的国家政权服务的,历代统治阶级都把死刑视作维护统治的最有效的方法。纵观整个中国封建时代的死刑制度是繁多而残酷的,虽然当中有历史性的缓和,但其始终贯穿于整个刑罚制度之中。与西方相比,虽然西方在中世纪时期也曾有过许多残忍血腥的死刑,但19世纪初随着西方文明的发展,酷刑逐渐消失。而中国,直至清末,近代西方国家政治法律文明传入中国,由沈家本提出废除肉刑最终获得清廷的批准,在我国古代延续了几千年的残酷刑罚终于在历史上落下帷幕。古代死刑制度的变化发展离不开传统思想的影响与推动,而那些深刻的经过几千年积淀与传承的文化思想对于今天死刑制度的完善仍有着重要的启示与借鉴意义。