摘要:1957—1958年的反右派运动是新中国历史上一个具有重大影响的政治事件。究其原因,国内因素固然占据主导地位,但是国际因素也不容忽视。冷战背景下的东西方两大阵营全面对峙、中美关系的长期紧张、1956年的苏共二十大与波匈事件以及西方资本主义国家推行的“和平演变”策略等,无疑都对中国的反右运动产生了重要影响。探究这些因素,总结其中的经验教训,不仅有助于今天的中国人加深对此次事件的全面了解和正确认识,而且对我们以史为鉴,继往开来,进一步把握中国特色社会主义建设道路和发展规律,实现中华民族伟大复兴也有着重大的指导作用和现实意义。
关键词:国际视野;反右派运动;苏共二十大;波匈事件;和平演变
Abstract: From 1957 to 1958 in China the anti-rightist campaign is the history of new China the last has a significant impact on political events. Investigate its reason, domestic factors is to occupy a dominant position, but the international factors can not be ignored. The context of the cold war East-West confrontation between the two camps, the round of Sino-US relations, long-term tensions1956TNCCPSU and the Polish and Hungarian events as well as the western capitalist countries in the implementation of the" peaceful evolution strategy", no doubt on China 's campaign has produced important influence. Study of these factors, which summed up the experience lesson, not only contribute to today's Chinese to deepen the comprehensive understanding and the correct understanding of the event, but also for our history, future, further grasp the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and the law of development, realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation also has a significant guiding role and practical significance.
Keywords:International perspectives; the Anti-Rightist Movement; TNCCPSU; wave chest incident; peaceful evolution
关于1957年的反右派运动,毛泽东说过一句著名的话:不是阴谋,是“阳谋”。其实,不管是“阴谋”还是“阳谋”,总而言之是“预谋”。其实,反右运动的出发点是值得肯定的,它使党在工作作风、工作方法、执政水平等方面都有很大改进,对社会主义事业的全面发展具有推动作用。但是,由于种种复杂的国际国内因素,反右运动演变为一场阶级斗争扩大化事件,偏离了社会主义探索的正确方向。对此,我们应有清醒的认识并且认真对待,以史为鉴,同时放眼国际风云变幻,学会用宏观的视野全面认识探究历史问题。