摘要:本课题对徐州市售食用菌中重金属铅、镉、铬、铜、锰污染进行了细致的研究。分别用干法灰化、湿法消解、微波消解方法对食用菌样品进行预处理，比较它们的优缺点，最后选用微波消解进行样品处理，用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计测量，得到徐州市市售食用菌中重金属含量，再进行比较确定污染状况，制定科学有效的治理方案。
实验选取了具有代表性且常见的木耳、茶树菇、香菇、杏鲍菇、金针菇、平菇、秀珍菇、双孢菇、白玉菇、蟹味菇、海鲜菇、鸡腿菇和银耳，在徐州东南西北四个郊区进行采样，共60种食用菌样品。实验表明，干法灰化对元素的破坏性大，湿法消解污染较大，最后采用微波消解法处理。实验数据显示，所测的60种食用菌样品中重金属Pb的含量均未超标；Cd只有西郊的海鲜菇微量超标，含量为0.205 mg/Kg；Cr超标比较严重，东郊和西郊香菇含量分别为1.078 mg/Kg和1.029 mg/Kg，西郊的金针菇含量为1.02 mg/Kg，东郊、西郊和北郊平菇的含量分别为1.06 mg/Kg、1.14 mg/Kg、0.525 mg/Kg，西郊秀珍菇含量为0.86 mg/Kg，西郊蟹味菇含量为0.562 mg/Kg，东郊、南郊和西郊银耳含量分别为1.17 mg/Kg、0.561 mg/Kg、1.01 mg/Kg，东郊、西郊和北郊大木耳含量分别为0.762 mg/Kg、1.11 mg/Kg、0.508 mg/Kg。总体来说城西Cr污染最为严重，希望能对百姓膳食有一定指导意义。
关键词 食用菌；重金属污染
Abstract:This paper is based on a detailed research on pollution of heavy metals(head、cadmium、chromium、copper and manganese) in edible fungi bought from some markets in Xuzhou city. The author designed a serious of experiments. Firstly, making a sample pretreatment with dry ashing、wet digestion and microwave digestion, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches to pretreatment. According to the comparison, microwave digestion was chosen for sample pretreatment and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was chosen for measuring heavy metal content in edible fungi. Finally, makes scientific and effective solutions according to the pollution.
Sixty kinds of common and representative edible from suburbs of Xuzhou city were chosen as samples, such as fungus, tea tree mushroom, mushroom, mushroom, enoki mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus geesteranus, double spore mushroom, white mushroom, crabs, seafood, mushroom, Pleurotus mushroom and white fungus. According to the experimental data, the heavy metal content (Pb) of all samples is not exceeded. The Cd content of seafood mushroom from Western suburb is above standard. The Cd content is 0.205mg/kg. The Cr content is exceeded. The Cr overweight is more serious, eastern and western suburbs of xianggu mushroom content were 1.078 mg/Kg and 1.029 mg/Kg, the western suburbs of needle mushroom content is 1.02 mg/Kg, east, west and north of oyster mushroom content were 1.06 mg/Kg, 1.14 mg/Kg, 0.525 mg/Kg, the western suburbs in the mushrooms is 0.86 mg/Kg, the western suburbs of crab flavor mushroom content is 0.562 mg/Kg, eastern, southern and western suburbs of tremella content were 1.17 mg/Kg, 0.561 mg/Kg, 1.01 mg/Kg, east, west and north big black fungus content were 0.762 mg/Kg, 1.11 mg/Kg, 0.508 mg/Kg. Overall west Cr pollution is most serious, hoping to dietary certain guiding significance to the people.
Key words edible fungi heavy metal pollution
