摘要:大学生自我锻炼对学生的身心健康发展、学习的顺利进行、运动能力和体质的增强以及学生终身体育意识的培养都有重要的作用。大学生自我锻炼是大学生课余生活重要的一部分。除此之外,自我锻炼可以促进学生彼此间的交流,有利于学生的身心健康,激发学生经常参加体育锻炼,养成坚持体育锻炼的习惯,增强学生的体质,更好的进行文化课的学习。本文采用了文献资料法、问卷调查法、观察法以及数理统计法。研究结果表明:同学们对自我锻炼的积极性还是比较高,但是天气炎热和场地、器材条件限制,让一些同学自我锻炼的积极性有所下降;同学们没有掌握正确的锻炼方法,这让他们进行锻炼后并没有取得比较良好的效果;同学们对自我锻炼的认知态度不是很明确,他们不是自主的进行自我锻炼,有的是因为朋友约,有的是为了打发时间;大部分同学都会选择在日照较少的时间段进行体育锻炼;女生自我锻炼的时间和次数明显低于男生。
关键词:大学生;自我锻炼;终身体育
ABSTRACT:College Students' self exercise on physical and mental health of students, learning smoothly, exercise capacity and physical enhancement as well as the students' consciousness of lifelong sports culture has important role. College Students' self exercise is an important part of College Students' extracurricular life. In addition, self-training can promote students' mutual exchange, beneficial to the physical and mental health of students, stimulate students to participate in regular physical exercise, adhere to develop the habit of physical training, enhance the physical fitness of students, better cultural course learning. This article used the literature material law, questionnaire survey, observation and mathematical statistics. The results show that: the students on self exercise initiative is still relatively high, but the hot weather and venues, equipment conditions, let some students self exercise initiative declined; the students did not grasp the correct training methods, which allow them to exercise and not achieved relatively good effect; the students on self exercise cognitive attitude is not very clear, they are not autonomous self exercise, some because of friends around, some to kill time; most of the students will choose in less sunshine time for physical exercise; female self exercise time and time was significantly lower than that of boys.
Key words: College students; Physical exercise; Lifelong sports
大学生一般都是静坐在教室、实验室、自习室,低头弯腰学习与工作的,长期处于这种姿势,又不参加身体锻炼,往往会引起各种疾病[1]。如供血不足,神经衰弱,胸腔狭窄,肌肉软弱无力,心脏疾病便秘等。因此,大学生要经常参加身体锻炼,因为身体锻炼可以使心脏和胃肠都得到良好的锻炼,使大学生精力充沛,同时,身体锻炼还是一种积极性休息,脑细胞各有分工,进行身体锻炼时,管理肌肉活动的精神细胞处于兴奋状态,而思考问题的神经细胞则处于抑制状态,得到很好的积极性休息。但是,由于有些大学生缺乏体育运动知识,违背了科学的锻炼方法,进行锻炼时,要因人、因时、因地,根据自己的年龄、性别、工作与学习特点,自身的健康状况安排锻炼的时间和进度,充分考虑到季节、地区、自然环境等因素对锻炼效果的影响,运动量、运动强度也要由小到大,并在锻炼过程中逐渐积累经验,掌握好适宜的运动量,以期达到自我身体锻炼的最佳效果。不顾人体的生理特点,一味地追求大运动量,不按人体各器官不同的最佳发育期选择有针对性的运动项目进行锻炼;不注意全面发展的锻炼,扰乱体力和脑力劳动的生物规律,运动没有规律;不注意运动环境和运动卫生;心血来潮,不能善始善终的突发性锻炼等等这些都是有碍健康的锻炼方法,应及时纠正和避免,因为身体锻炼是增进青少年身体发育和增强体质,如果锻炼方法不当,违背了人体发展规律,就会适得其反。