摘 要：纳米材料的物理化学性能与其颗粒的形状、尺寸有着密切的关系。ZnO纳米材料由于宽的带隙(3.37eV)，高的禁带激发能(60mV)以及奇特的光电性能，使其在激光、催化、气敏、压电、传感等方面得到了广泛的应用。纳米ZnO形貌丰富，如量子点、纳米线、纳米棒、纳米管、纳米环以及量子阱等，随着结构的不同，纳米ZnO表现出许多优异的光电性能，所以，ZnO纳米结构的制备、控制与应用研究成为当前纳米材料的研究热点之一。
本文首先对目前纳米材料及纳米ZnO的研究情况进行初步的介绍，随后研究了采用类CVD法制备不同温度下的ZnO纳米棒。
我们的研究主要围绕ZnO纳米棒的制备展开，在没有使用催化剂的条件下，用类化学气相沉积方法制备出氧化锌纳米棒，研究了生长温度对形貌的影响。我们用X射线衍射谱、扫描电子显微镜等分析技术对所制备的氧化锌纳米棒结构材料进行了表征。
本实验测试了不同温度下所制备的ZnO纳米棒光致发光性能，对测得的光致发光光谱及其发光机理进行了详细的分析。实验结果显示所有样品的PL谱都有三个峰，其中380nm左右的近带边发射是激子碰撞发光，在440nm左右蓝光和510nm左右绿光的发射峰是由氧空位造成的发射峰。
关键词：ZnO纳米棒；类CVD；光学特性；光致发光
Abstract：For the physical and chemical properties of material closely related to the size and shape of their particles，the monodispersed nanomaterials have caused great attention in recent years. ZnO is recognized as one of the most important semiconductor materials due to its wide band gap(3.37eV)，large excitation binding energy(60meV)and extensive applications in optoelectronics，catalysis，sensors，piezoelectricity，etc．Therefore，extensive interests have been stimulated to prepare ZnO nanostructurematerials．
In this paper， we gave a primary introduction about nanoparticles and situation of nano-structured ZnO at present ，which followed by demonstration of ZnO nanorods by similar chemical vapor deposition method at different temperature. We prepared ZnO nanowires(nanorods)without using catalysts by similar chemical vapor deposition method．The effects of growth temperaturon the morphology of ZnO nanomaterials was investigated in detail. The composition，morphology and microstructure of ZnO nanowires (nanorods) was characterized by means of X-Ray Diffraction，Scanning Electron Microscope．
The photoluminescence(PL)spectra of ZnO samples were recorded by an Ultraviolet Fluorescence Spectrophotometer in 220nm excitation wavelength，and the PL spectra and corresponding emission mechanism were analyzed．The results show that there were mainly three peaks(390nm，440nm，500nm)for all samples．The emission peak at 380nm was induced by an exciton-exciton collision process，and the emission peak at about 440nm and 510nm were caused by oxygen vacancy．
Key word: ZnO nanorods; similar CVD; optics characteristic; Photoluminescencespread
