摘要:物质的密度是反映物质的一种特性,它与实际应用比较紧密，测量物质密度就显得很重要。目前液体密度测量的方法细分有几十种，但是，各种方法相互间很少给予比较与分析，导致在实际测量中的方法选取十分困难。
本文选取了常规法、等体积法、浮力法、W型管法四种液体密度测量方法对盐溶液密度进行实验测量。重点陈列了实验中量筒使用的问题，并提出问题解决的初步设想。通过比较测量值与标准值，从而对不同的测量方法对测量值产生的影响进行比较，分析其产生的原因。结合以上比较与分析，归纳出了不同实验的优点及缺点，同时给出了不同情况下实际测量时的方法选择方案。
对四种方法方法的测量值与标准值进行比较之后发现：通过常规法及等体积法测得的盐溶液密度值较接近标准值，通过浮力法及W型管法测得的盐溶液密度值产生的偏差较大。
结合对实验仪器的分析后发现：量筒读数及液体表面张力是产生误差的主要原因。针对量筒读数问题，提出了双面刻度的改进方案，同时通过分析得出本实验中表面张力的影响，使得W型管法的测量值较标准值偏大。
关键词：盐溶液；密度；量筒
Abstract:The density is an important character, it’s close to practical application. Currently, there are several decades of methods to measure it.But, few of them have been compared, which caused difficulties to choose.
I choosed four methods to measure the density of sault solution, such as the conventional method, the equivalent volume method, the buoyant foce method and the W-tube method. Found and solved the difficultiy in using measuring graduated. By the comparison of measuring value and standard value, discribed the difference between these methods, and analysised the origins. Combination of the above comparison and analysis, extracted the merits and defects of these different methods, and by the way, I gave an advise to how to choose these methods under different conditions.
Under the comparison of the gap between measuring value and standard value, I found it'ssmaller which is measured by the conventional method and the equivalent volume nethod, and it’s bigger which is measured by the buoyant foce method and the W-tube method.
Combination the analysis of experimental apparatus and found that, the graduated cylinder readings and the interfacial force lead to inacurracy directly. I introduced the double scale volume to make volume work better, and obtained that the value measured by the w-tube method is larger by analysising the effets of interfacial force.
Keywords: Sault solution; Density; Graduated cylinder
