摘要:詈骂语作为一种特殊的语言现象，成为塑造人物形象的一种常见手法，与文学创作有着不解之缘。《红楼梦》一书中詈语丰富，使用频繁，尤其是女性的叙骂，更是呈现了各种詈语语态及詈骂行为的多样性，在与男性的詈骂对比中，凸显出独特的文化价值。
本文以《红楼梦》中女性的詈骂言行作为研究对象，詈骂的言语行为大致分为以下三个部分，即称谓性詈语、专用性詈语、辅助性詈语；詈骂语在具体语境中的语用效果又主要通过詈语和体态语的交融性、骂语与骂意的辩证性、直骂与曲骂的交互性来体现；女性作为该作品中的主体，其詈骂行为的语用参数主要受以下几点因素的影响，即身份、文化、婚否、地位和语境；在与男性詈骂行为的对比中，我们也不难发现，男性主人公的詈骂行为和女性主人公的詈骂行为在用词、频率和恶意程度等方面有显著的差异。
关键词：女性；言语结构；语用效果；詈骂行为
Abstract:As a special language phenomenon,swear words have become a common means of characterization, which has an indissoluble bound with literary creation.Swear words are frequently used in the book “A dream of Red Mansions”. Languages in the masterpiece depict the diversity of swear words and abusive behavior, especially those used by women.When contrasted with abusive behavior conducted by man,they display a unique value in culture.
This paper found that,as the object of research,female abusive behavior can be divided into the following three parts, namely the appellation of the swear words, specified swear words and auxiliary swearwords.In a certain context, pragmatic effect of swear words can be reflected by blending swear words with body language , the dialectical relationship between swear words and scold meaning and interactive relationship between straightforward swear words and indirect abusive words. Women can be discribed as the main body of the work, the pragmatic parameters of their abusive behavior are mainly affected by the following factors, namely, culture ,identity, marital status, position and context. In contrast with the male abusive behaviors,it is not difficult for us to find that there are significant differences between male character and female character in their abusive behavior,such as the words they choose,the frequency they use and so on.
Keywords Woman Language structure Effect of expression Abusive behavior
我国著名的语言学者何新说过：“各民族在骂的语言中，提炼、集中了一批最洗练、最犀利的语言。骂人话，又是一种丰富的世界，当你最初面对它时，会感到肮脏而不知所措，但一旦了解了它，你会发现，这个世界自有它存在的道理、它的逻辑、它的实用性、它的美学和价值观。”结合《红楼梦》中的女性詈骂语，我们可以了解到，詈骂语在言语结构上可分为称谓性、专用性、辅助性三种，其中又以专用性詈骂语的数量最丰；从语用效果的角度考察，骂语与骂意、语言与体态、直骂与曲骂的交汇融合也使故事情节更加丰满，人物形象更加鲜明；从女性詈骂行为差异中，我们又可以总结出是由于婚否、文化程度、性格等因素的影响。此外，男性与女性的詈骂语之间由于生理、心理和社会文化等因素的影响也会存在显著的差异。
综上所述，《红楼梦》中女性詈骂行为的描述为我们展示了较为全面的封建社会女性生活面貌，这些詈骂语贯穿在文章情节之中，不仅使人物形象更加丰满、生动，更为我们展现了一幅幅当时的市民生活的缩略图。从上文的分析中我们也可以看出，女性的詈骂在詈语语态与从詈骂行为等方面都有着独有的风格，这与当时的社会背景与市民观念是密切相关的，也正是因为作者个性突出，形神兼备的詈骂描写，才使这部古典名著更贴近生活，更具独特的韵味。
