摘 要:现代化是农业文明向工业文明的进步过程，是一股世界潮流。中国由于其厚重的农业大国历史，农村地位的改变，农民身份的转变等成为了影响和阻碍现代化发展的重大问题。
党和国家在处理城乡关系的立场选择上经历了从城乡二元分割结构到统筹城乡发展的转变，农村的地位也从被忽视被孤立被牺牲到实现与城市之间的互动互补以及加速城市化，而城市化的推进对于农村人口基数之大的中国而言实属困难重重。有些村庄因为从临近大都市而被吸纳有些则是政府主导下实现的快速城市化等等，城市拔地而起，村庄却在逐渐消失。
村庄作为中华文化的培养皿对于保持民族文化多样性有着至关重要的意义，而在其衰落和消失中快速城市化的影响最为直接和深远，农村劳动力外流导致村庄逐渐空心化、靠近大城市而逐渐与其融合等等致使村庄的存在岌岌可危。因此，应当重视村庄存在的合理性和必要性，从保护村庄历史文化遗产、推进农业现代化、转变农村生活方式等方面实现乡村的重建，真正从根本上逐渐缩小城乡差距，逐步建成社会主义新农村。
关键词：现代化 城市化 城乡关系 城乡二元结构 统筹城乡发展
ABSTRACT:The first industrial revolution as the beginning, human beings had stepped into the age of rapid development unprecedentedly, which means with the advance of science and technology and the development of industrialization, urbanization had been following inevitably. Up to this day, the trend of modernization has been sweeping across the whole world and became the ultimate goal of almost every country. China, of course , also become a member of the trend. But the process of development is not always smooth. There is no doubt that the process of modernization that arose from the capitalism countries will not be compatible easily with China. Instead, there are lots troubles have arisen , practically, one of those is the disappearance of Chinese villages which is connected closely with the status of China now. From the perspective of history, this dissertation will show a review of the changing relationship between urban and rural areas and discuss the inner and outer reasons why many villages disappeared in the trend of urbanization. The dissertation will exemplify a village called Wangi, which is located in the Huining county of Gansu province and show the influence of urbanization. Then, at the end, there are some conceive of rebuilding the village in China.
Keywords：modernization；urbanization；urban-rural relationship；urban-rural dualistic structure;；Balanced urban-rural development
