摘要:奶汁品中含有丰富的蛋白质和微量元素，是现代家庭饮食中不可缺少的营养保健食品。但是奶汁品在生产加工或储藏运输过程中易受重金属的污染。为了给市民提供奶汁品质量参考，本课题采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法，对重庆市各大型超市内所销售的9种品牌的奶汁品中5种重金属（As、Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg）含量进行测定，并根据国家标准《食品中污染物限量》(GB2762 -2012)对重金属含量进行单因子污染评价及综合污染评价，同时采用健康风险模型对检测结果进行健康风险评价，为市民饮用健康安全的奶汁品提供科学依据。
通过实验结果得出所有样品中除Arla全脂纯牛奶的砷含量超过国家标准外，其他样品所测重金属含量均低于国家标准；采用单因子评价法评价，测定的奶汁品中有6种为一级产品，2种为二级产品，1种为三级产品；采用综合污染指数法评价，9种奶汁品中除Arla全脂纯牛奶的污染程度达到轻度污染外其他奶汁品均未受到污染；进行健康风险评价，饮用所有被检测的奶汁品所引起的健康危害个人年风险均低于国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大可接受风险5×10-5/a，不会对暴露人群构成明显危害。
关键词：奶汁品 重金属 风险评价
ABSTRACT:Milk products contain rich protein and trace elements. They are indispensable nutritional supplements in modern family diet .However, milk products are easy to be polluted by heavy metals during manufacture processing or storage transportation. In order to provide citizens with milk product quality reference, this project measures the content of As,Cr,Cd,Pb and Hg in nine varieties of milk products sold in the supermarkets in Chongqing by thegraphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry and evaluates the single factor pollution and comprehensive pollution of the content of heavy metals according to The National Standards in Food Contaminants GB2762 -2012. Meanwhile, we have done a health risk assessment of the test results by health risk model to to provide citizens with a scientific basis for health and safety of milk products.
According to the experimental results, the arsenic content of Arla full cream milk exceeding the national standards, other samples measured the content of heavy metals are lower than the national standard. Using the single factor evaluation method , we determine that six kinds of milk products are first class products , two kinds of milk products are second class products , one kinds of milk products are third class products. Using synthetic pollution index evaluation method , we find all the milk products are not polluted except Arla full cream milk being polluted slightly. The health risk assessment shows that all the health risks for individual person caused by milk products are lower the maximum acceptable risk 5×10-5/a recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection（ICRP）, and don’t constitute significant risks to the exposed population group .
Keywords: milk products；heavy metals；assessment
