摘要:西汉与匈奴之间，政权的对峙，政治、军事矛盾的冲突异常激烈。其中有部分官员或因战场的失利，或因遭受政治的排挤，或因寻求更安逸的生活环境及更大利益追求，他们背弃原主国而归附与之对峙的政权中，产生了众多的降臣。或是身为西汉官员而投降匈奴，或是身为匈奴官员而投降西汉。汉匈双方的降臣数量不少，其个人投降的原因复杂多样。降臣的背主投敌之举动，有违忠义气节，为世人所不齿。然而他们往来于西汉与匈奴政权之间，牵动着汉匈之间政治、军事、文化等多方面因素的变化，对汉匈关系的发展有着重大影响。具体而言，降臣的举动，关乎战场征伐的胜负，引起了战略战术变化，影响到政治的敌对与友好，带动了文化的交流与传播。降臣的行为，对于汉匈政权一时的斗争，多有消极负面的危害，但对汉匈民族万世的和平，依然具有不可小视的贡献力量。降臣对汉匈关系的影响也是一种民族间相互交流与融合的方式，对降臣的危害与贡献应该客观去评价。对其是非，须要用长远发展的眼观去看待。
关键词：降臣，汉匈关系，影响，冲突，民族融合
Abstract:Between the Western Han dynasty and the Hun power confrontation, conflict of political and military conflicts is fierce. Due to battlefield losses, or as a result of political exclusion, or a more comfortable living environment and a greater benefit to pursue, some officials turn their backs on the original countries and submit to against regime, they named “capitulant”. Some Han dynasty officials capitulate to Hun, while the other situation is opposite. Although the reasons they surrendered is various and complicated, the number is not less. The betray behaviors is against the loyalty and integrity, and it is also spurned by the people. However, they exchange between the Han dynasty and the Hun regime, which affects kinds of factors between Han and Hun, for example, politics, military, and cultural and so forth. And it also has a significant impact on the development of the relationship between Han and Hun. Capitulants’ move is relative to punitive expedition of the battlefield victory, strategic and tactical changes, political rivalry and friendship, and it promote the communication and dissemination of culture. In the term of Han and Hun power struggles, the capitulation is negative, but from the peoples of eternal peace point of view, the contribution is vital. Surrender is a mutual exchange and integration between ethnic groups, so we have an objective attitude to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages. We judge with the view of the long-term development of the eye.
Key Words: Capitulants,The relationship between Han and Hun, Effects,conflict,Ethnic integration
