摘 要: 随着时代的发展与进步，数学计算在生活的各个方面显示出重要作用。21世纪是全球性经济竞争的时代，是信息、数字时代，具备一定的计算能力是现代社会公民必须具备的一种基本数学素养。然而，在计算教学中，学生对计算的兴趣并不高，更令人担忧的是部分学生的计算能力呈下降态势，主要表现在计算正确率下降，口算速度减慢等等。而且，纵观全国的小学数学试题，涉及计算内容的题目在一份试卷中均占75%以上。从这个意义上来说加强计算知识和技能的教学，有效地提高计算能力是提高教学质量的有效途径，同时也是为小学生升到初中学习奠定的坚实基础。因此，对学生计算能力的培养是十分关键的。
本文共分为五个部分。
第一部分是绪论。通过对小学生计算能力的研究背景进行分析，对小学生计算能力研究的成果进行了综述，并提出了小学生计算能力的重要性。第二部分是研究设计。主要介绍了此次研究的内容、目的及意义和研究的对象和方法。第三部分是小学生计算能力现状的调查，通过对小学生计算能力的现状进行调查和分析，进一步发现小学生计算能力方面存在的问题和影响学生计算能力的因素，其中，学生计算方面存在的问题有：用笔算的方法来进行口算，依赖计算器，计算兴趣不高等；影响学生计算能力的因素有：非智力因素、知识因素和心理因素。第四部分提出了一些提高学生计算能力的具体对策。从计算的知识和技能方面来说：加强口算教学是基础，讲清算理是重点，精心设计练习是关键；从计算的心理和习惯来讲：激发学生的计算兴趣是前提，培养学生良好的计算习惯是保障，改变学生对计算题的态度是根本，另外，还应该正确处理计算器的使用与笔算之间的关系。第五部分是对论文的总结。
关键词：计算能力；调查；影响因素；对策
ABSTRACT:With the development of society,Mathematical calculations showed a significant role in all walks of life.21 century Is the era of global economic competition,information, digital era.Citizens must possess the necessary computing power is a modern society with a basic maths.However, in the teaching of calculation, students ' interest in computing is not high, it is even more worrying is part of the student's calculated capacities show a declining trend, falling mainly in the calculation accuracy, slow mental arithmetic, and so on.Also, elementary mathematics questions throughout the country, involved in a topic in the papers of over 75%.Calculated from that sense to strengthen the teaching of knowledge and skills, effectively improving the calculation accuracy is the effective ways to improve the quality of teaching, but also lay a solid foundation for rise primary school students to study in junior high school. "1"Therefore, on pupils ' numeracy training is crucial.
This article altogether is divided into five parts.
The first part is the introduction.First of all, the author based on the research of the elementary computing background analysis, put forward the computing capacity and computing power for elementary school students the importance of the status quo is not optimistic the doubt to the question.Then, the author summarizes the computing power for elementary school students study results.The second part is the research design. Mainly introduces the content, purpose and significance of this study and research objects and methods.Third part has carried on the elementary calculation ability present situation investigation and analysis, further found that pupils computing problems and factors that influence the students capacity of students to computational problems are: to use manual computation method for oral, rely on a calculator to calculate interest is not high;factors that affect student computing power are: non-intelligence factors, knowledge factors and psychological factors. The fourth part puts forward some concrete countermeasures to improve students' calculation ability.The fourth part puts forward some concrete countermeasures to improve students' calculation ability. From calculation of the knowledge and skills for: strengthen the oral teaching is the foundation, speak liquidation is key management, elaborate design practice is the key;will tell from the psychology and habit of computing: stimulate students' interest is calculated by the premise, cultivating students' good habits of calculating is the guarantee, change students attitude to computational problems are fundamental, in addition, still should correctly handle the relationship between the use of calculators and manual computation. Part five are summaries of the papers.
Keywords: Computing power; Survey; Influence factors; Countermeasures
