摘要 ：将经过表面改性的纳米锑掺杂二氧化锡（简称ATO）借助超声波均匀的分散到聚乙烯醇（PVA）水溶液中，以盐酸为催化剂，与正丁醛缩合，制备了聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）/纳米ATO复合材料，研究了ATO用量、BA/PVA质量配比、浓盐酸和表面活性剂用量对复合材料力学性能和隔热性能的影响，通过FTIR、透射电镜等测试方法对复合材料进行了分析与表征。结果表明：在合成PVB的过程中，引入ATO纳米粒子可使复合材料的力学性能明显提高，且PVB/ATO复合材料薄膜的隔热性能良好。根据反应条件对复合材料力学性能的影响，得出制备该复合材料的最佳条件为：ATO用量为PVA的2.5%-3%，BA/PVA质量配比为0.6，浓盐酸用量为反应体系的0.9%，表面活性剂用量为反应体系的1%；当ATO用量为2.5% 时PVB/纳米ATO复合材料薄膜的隔热和透光性能良好。
关键词 ：聚乙烯醇；纳米ATO；聚乙烯醇缩丁醛；复合材料；制备；隔热
Abstract ：Using strong hydrochloric acid as catalyst, polyvinyl butyral (PVB)/ nano-ATO composite materials were prepared by butylaldehyde condensating with the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution into which ATO treated in surface was added, and dispersed evenly by ultrasonic wave. The influence that quality of the ATO content, BA/PVA ratio, catalyst strong hydrochloric acid and surfactant content on the mechanical properties of composite materials were studied. The Composite materials were analyzed and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FTIR. The results show that the mechanical properties and insulation performance of composite materials were improved by adding nano--ATO before synthesize PVB. The optimal conditions of preparing the PVB/nano-ATO composites was that the mass ratio ATO/PVA was 2.5%-3%, BA/PVA mass ratio was 0.6, the hydrochloric acid content 0.9%, the surfactant content 2% based on reaction system. When the amount of ATO was 2.5% of PVA, the thermal properties and light transmission of PVB/nano-ATO composite films will be good.
Key words： Polyvinyl alcohol; Nanometer ATO; Polyvinyl butyral; Composite materials; Preparation; Heat insulation
