摘要：随着人类活动领域的日益扩大，任何人为或者自然的危机都能够成为公众关注点，并扩展为公共危机，全世界各国公共危机的频繁发生，对政府形成了严峻的挑战。公共危机涉及广泛的对象和范围。公共危机具有突发性和紧急性的特点，这决定了政府管理部门必须在短时间内做出关键性的决策。危机情况下的决策行为权力集中，同时兼具灵活性。我们必须遵循合法性、科学性、时效性、透明性的原则进行危机决策。我国危机管理中的政策制定还存在许多问题，主要表现在对危机的确认困境以及危机政策制定和抉择困境上，这些困境与危机本身的突发紧急性和不确定性等特点有关，同时也与政策主体的能力不足有关。针对这些困境，我们需要从多方面下功夫，提高政策主体和全民的危机意识，建立健全危机预警机制、信息沟通机制以及法律体系，同时加强咨询机构建设，不断提高危机决策的效率，以更好地应对频繁发生的公共危机。
关键词：公共危机；公共危机管理；公共政策；公共政策制定
Abstract：With the enlarging of the space and room of human beings’ activities, any artificial or natural crisis could catch attention of public and enlarged incessantly, then become the public crisis. There are so many public crisis taking place in every country in the world which is an austere tribulation to their governments. Public crisis has a more extensive range of spread. The public crisis has two obvious characteristics, which are outburst and emergency. And it decided that the government manage department have to make the crisis decision in a very short time. The decision in crisis may centralize the public power, and also it can be very flexible. We need to make crisis decisions according to legality, exactness punctuality and transparency. Saying to our country, there are so many problems in the crisis policy making, which are including that we can not confirm the crisis and also we can not make crisis decision in time. All these problems are related with the emergency and unsure of the crisis, and the lack of abilities of our decision-makers also need to take the responsibility. There are so many measures we should take to aim at those problems. We need to improve the crisis consciousness of the decision-makers and the citizen, we should constitute the presentiment system, communication system and the legal system. At the same time, we have to reinforce the construction of consultant institution. According to this, we can improve the efficiency of crisis decision and deal with the public crisis more effectually.
Key words: crisis; public crisis management; public policy; policy making
在现代社会中，危机对政府来说，是一大考验，同时也对政府的危机管理体制有很大的推动作用。在全球化日益发展而公共危机频发的今天，政府在公共危机管理中的政策制定显得更为重要。因此研究“公共危机管理中的政策制定”可以在理论上提升人们的认知，丰富该领域的思想，促进公共危机管理与公共政策理论的发展。
随着全球化进程的进一步加快，世界各国各地区之间的联系越来越紧密。但是同时，由于全球环境恶化和各地发展不平衡等问题日益突出，使得全球一些深层次的矛盾逐渐显现出来。当今危机研究的重点仍然聚焦在国际危机，不过各个国家之间可能爆发危机的领域已经从传统的“高政治”领域逐渐扩展到“低政治”领域。许多研究者都聚焦与国际结构、国际体系的变迁对国家行为者产生的影响以及这种影响对国际危机的作用。一些学者还致力于在国家之间建立种早期危机的监控系统。因此进行公共危机管理中的政策制定分析这一课题的研究，对国际国内面临的共性问题，政府危机管理实践都将有所参考意义。
