摘要:新课程改革将综合与实践模块提上一个新的高度,这对于很多教师来说是一个全新的挑战,因为可借鉴的经验很少,所以,不同的教师会很据自己的理解准备不一样的教学方案。“同课异构”教学活动就是为了促进教师发展,创建优化课堂而提出的一种教学形式。在我国,有很多学校已陆续开始实行“同课异构”,但目前为止,国内对于“同课异构”这个概念没有统一说法,具体的实施原则和实施步骤也没有太多研究,本论文旨在解决这些问题。
“同课异构”是近几年在深化基础教育课程改革的进程中流行的一个新名词,简单的说就是教师们对教学内容的不同设计,产生了不同的教学效果。“同课异构”教学活动是指教师针对相同的教学内容,采取不一样的构想、设计理念、实施原则,从而进行教学实践的一种教学活动。本论文主要通过对“同课异构”教学活动的研究,以解决如何在小学综合与实践模块中进行教学实施,并结合《打电话 寻找最优方案》这一内容阐述,继而探寻一种优化的教学课堂。
关键词:小学数学;综合与实践;同课异构;教学活动
Abstract:The new curriculum reform will be integrated with the practice of a new height module on, this is a new challenge for many teachers, because the experience is very few, so, the teacher will be different according to their teaching programs for different understanding. "The heterogeneous classes" teaching activity is to promote the development of teachers, teaching form to create a class of optimization. In our country, there are many schools have started to implement "the heterogeneous classes", but so far, the "with the concept of heterogeneous class" no unified view, the implementation of the principles and specific steps of implementation is not too much research, this paper aims to solve these problems.
"The heterogeneous classes" is a new term in recent years in the deepening of the curriculum reform of basic education in the process of popular, said that teachers of different design on the teaching content of simple, produce different teaching effects. "The heterogeneous classes" teaching refers to teachers in the same teaching content, adopt the idea, not the same as the design concept, the implementation principle, a kind of teaching activity and teaching practice. This paper mainly through the study of "the heterogeneous classes" teaching activities, in order to solve how to carry out the teaching in primary school and practice module, combined with the "call to find the optimal plan" the content is explained, and then seek a kind of optimization of classroom teaching.
Keywords: primary school mathematics integrated with practice the heterogeneous classes teaching activities
通过对小学数学综合与实践教学中“同课异构”的研究,笔者发现,对综合与实践模块进行同课异构难度明显大于其他模块,其原因大致可分为以下几点:
(1)教师的观念有所偏差。综合与实践这个模块在学校中安排的课程不多,而且不需要参加考试,所以部分教师把这一模块当做选学内容,对课程的重视程度不高。教师会让有兴趣的学生自己去学习,对于综合与实践模块不会做充分准备,当然也很少去思考如何同课异构会对学生的帮助最大。
(2)教学内容很难掌控。综合与实践模块对于很多教师来说是一个全新的挑战,可以借鉴的经验很少。加上教学材料的缺乏以及教学情境的难以设置等等问题,都会给同课异构带来难度。
(3)教学方式顾此失彼。有些教师为了使综合与实践活动更具生命力,往往在课前做了很多精心的准备,例如对同一课题进行同课异构,设计了多种不同情境,学习的材料、教学的教具也多种多样。可是,在教师准备的过程中却缺失了“同课异构”本身的价值。
(4)教学评价体制未完善。综合与实践是一个开放性很高的模块,因此没有固定的模式来借鉴。在活动中,学生的答案五花八门,很多教师缺少合理的评价或者很少给出评价,这就不利于师生间的互动。加上很多教师会尝试同课异构,虽然教学情境别出心裁,但是由于教学评价事先无法做好充足的准备,很多教师会用传统的量化式进行评价,这样就会给人一种虎头蛇尾的感觉。