摘要：本文探讨了鲜食型糯玉米熟性与叶脉数以及叶片数之间的相关关系。研究结果表明，叶脉数与叶片数之间存在正相关关系，而且自交系的相关性要大于杂交组合；但各个育种材料之间且表现了较大的差异性；同时说明叶脉数与熟性有着很大的关系，一般表现为早熟类型相关程度比中早熟类型大；在叶脉数的杂种优势上，大多数材料表现为超亲优势，优势最大的是NZ－5，其次为NZ－3、N－2。
关键词：鲜食型糯玉米；叶脉数； 叶片数；杂种优势；熟性；相关
Abstract: In order to study the relevance between venation and mature, the vein number were invested of 12 inbreds and 18 crosses combinations of fresh-eat waxy corn, and the correlation between the average vein number, vein number of ear three leaves, maximum vein number and mature were analyzed. Hybrid advantages of vein between different varieties were studied. The results show that vein number was positive relevant to leaves number; Relevance was different between various species. In general, relevance in inbreds was larger than in hybrid varieties; Mature was relevant to vein number, relevance in early-maturing varieties were larger than in late-maturing varieties. In the hybrid advantages of vein, the majority of hybrid varieties were transgressive.
Key words: fresh-eat waxy; corn vein number; mature; relation
鲜食型糯玉米具有较高的营养价值而日益成为人们所喜爱的副食品，同时它又能提高农民的经济收入。为了更好地提高鲜食型糯玉米的产量和品质，必须了解其熟性。王延波认为叶脉数和叶片数之间存在着正相关关系，而且玉米的熟性与叶脉数有着很大的关联，国外文献资料也提到根据叶脉数预测玉米熟性是一种新的研究方法。在实际工作中有八种方法可以确定玉米的熟性，包括籽粒顶端的坚硬度，从播种至成熟的有效积温，果穗苞叶、叶片及茎秆的干枯程度，籽粒的光泽度，籽粒端部黑层的形成，叶片数，收获时籽粒的含水量以及叶脉数。但是前七种方法缺点较多，应用上有一定的局限性，因而根据玉米叶脉数预测熟性成为玉米生育期研究的一个新热点，这种方法能在早期预测杂交制种的花期、熟期，同时还可以尽早的编制杂交组合方案，且简便易于操作。目前国内还没有对叶脉数与熟性相关性进行过专门研究。本文试图通过对鲜食型糯玉米叶脉数与熟性之间的相关分析以及对叶脉数杂交优势的分析，为鲜食型糯玉米选育种实践和大面积生产示范提供理论和技术上的参考依据。
