[摘要] 钱钟书是近代著名作家、文学研究家。他的代表作《围城》是一部家喻户晓的长篇讽刺小说。《围城》以旧中国中上层知识分子病态畸形生活为描写对象，语言幽默而辛辣。小说的讽刺艺术别具一格，妙趣横生。各种比喻精辟、新颖，令人拍案叫绝且俯拾即是。钱钟书以漫画式的夸张笔法调侃芸芸众生，且多引用外文来讽刺旧中国知识分子的崇洋媚外。《围城》展示了各种人生困境，以小说中四个贯穿方鸿渐生活的主要的女性人物为例，她们便各有各的“围城”。人生处处存在“围城”，又或者，人生就是“围城”。
[关键词] 钱钟书；围城； 讽刺； 比喻； 夸张； 困境
[Abstract] Qian is a famous modern chinese writer and a literature-researcher. His most famous magnum opus is Fortress Besieged; it is a household full-length critical novel. Fortress Besieged takes the terrible life of the middle and upper intellectuals of old China as the description object. The word is humorous but pungent. The satire art of novel has a distinctive style and it is very interesting. Various of metaphors is incisive and novel, makes people applaud madly and can find everywhere. Qian often use caricature to ridicule all living things, and quotes many English words to satirize intellectuals’ behaviours, worship and have blind faith in foreign things. Fortress Besieged shows various of dilemma of life. Take four female characters who run through Fang’s life. For example, they all have their own “fortress besieged”. Life has “fortress besieged” in everywhere, or, life is “fortress besieged”.
[Key words] Qian Zhongshu; Fortress Besieged； satire； analogy； exaggeration； dilemma
讽刺是文学作品常用的手法之一。它常常运用夸张、比喻、反语的修辞手法，以嘲讽的态度来描绘生活中百态人情。当时社会上流行的讽刺小说大多带有过于浓重的政治色彩，不管是革命小说还是反革命小说。《围城》的出现就像是一把锋利的小刀，戳开了欲盖弥彰的白色绷带，让旧中国的伤口暴露在朗朗乾坤之中。钱钟书针砭时弊，调侃芸芸众生，以其独特的讽刺手法对这个腐朽的世道冷嘲热讽，揭示了这嘲讽下的知识分子的丑陋面目，打破了这个时代的枷锁和束缚。
