摘要：本研究着眼于孤独症儿童家庭，采用问卷调查法和个案访谈法探索孤独症儿童家庭社会支持、应对方式和育儿压力之间的关系，旨在强调社会支持和成熟的应对方式对缓解孤独症儿童家庭心理压力的重要作用，并呼吁社会关注、认同孤独症儿童家庭，为孤独症儿童搭建健康、平等的成长发展平台。研究结果发现：（1）不同儿童性别，经济水平、父母职业状况、教育水平、婚姻状况的孤独症儿童家庭的心理压力存在显著性差异；（2）社会支持的多少及支持利用率水平与家庭应对方式显著相关；（3）社会支持和应对方式中的解决问题、自责两个维度对育儿压力有预测性影响。研究还总结了孤独症儿童家庭在孩子不同发展阶段心理状态的变化规律，以及压力源、支持需求、压力处理策略等方面的信息。
关键词：孤独症儿童；家庭；心理压力；社会支持；应对方式
Abstract：This study, using questionnaire and case interview, investigated the relationship between social supports, coping strategies and parenting stress in families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The aim of this research was to emphasis the significance of social support and mature coping in alleviating mental pressure. Meanwhile, this study also hopes to appeal social attentions and identification towards the families with autistic children, thereby establishing a health and equal platform for autistic children’s development. Results showed that: i) There existed significant differences in the psychological stress of families with different child’s gender, income, parents’ occupational status, educational level, marital states, etc.; ii) Social support potency and its utilization level are significantly related to families’ coping strategies; iii) Social support and two dimension for problem-solving and self-accusation in coping style play vital roles in predicting parenting stress. In addition, this report summarize the change characteristics of psychological states in the different period of child’s development in the families with autistic children, as well as the information of stress resources, support requirements, stress treatment strategies, etc.
Key words: autistic children; family; psychological stress; social support; coping strategy
本研究着眼于孤独症儿童家庭，通过对南京脑科医院儿童心理卫生研究中心100个孤独症儿童家庭进行问卷调查，把握孤独症家庭经济收入、父母婚姻状况、父母职业状况、父母教育水平等与家庭育儿压力的关系；了解社会支持、应对危机方式对孤独症儿童家庭心理压力的预测性影响以及社会支持程度与孤独症儿童家庭应对方式的关系。本研究还走进孤独症儿童家庭，通过个案访谈探讨孤独症儿童家庭在孩子成长的不同阶段的心理状态变化规律，了解孤独症儿童家庭最主要的压力源、最迫切想解决的问题和最想得到的支持援助。
本研究旨在强调充足、有效的社会支持和积极、成熟的应对方式对缓解孤独症儿童家庭心理压力的重要作用，呼吁社会加强对孤独症儿童的认识和认同，重视孤独症儿童家庭的经济需求和精神状态，为孤独症儿童的成长和发展搭建一个健康、平等的平台。
