摘要:基于对大学校园能源浪费现象的担忧,以社会学习理论、责任分散理论和唤醒—代价回报模型为理论基础编制情境故事问卷,以南京地区高校大学生为研究对象,对高校教师长明灯现象进行了研究。结果表明:榜样、责任分散以及情绪唤起对大学生的关灯行为有显著影响;榜样、责任分散以及情绪唤起三个变量的交互效应也显著;榜样、责任分散以及情绪唤起是大学生做出关灯行为首先考虑的三个原因;有榜样、无责任分散以及情绪唤起的情况下,大学生做出关灯行为的可能性最大,无榜样、有责任分散以及无情绪唤起的情况下,大学生做出关灯行为的可能性最小。
关键词:长明灯现象;社会学习理论;责任分散;唤醒—代价回报模型
Abstract:Because of the anxiousness about the waste in our campus, I prepared a scenario questionnaire with Social Learning Theory, Diffusion of Responsibility and Wake-up-cost of Return Model in order to investigate the factors that affect college students’ turning off the lights. And college students in the area of Nanjing participated in this study. Results revealed significant main effects and also significant interaction effects for the role-models, Diffusion of Responsibility and emotional arousal in the college students’ behavior of turning off the lights. And the role-models, Diffusion of Responsibility, emotional arousal were the first three reasons that students would take into consideration when they turned off the lights. College students would more likely turn off the lights in the situation with role-model and emotional arousal existence, without diffusion of responsibility. What’s more, the opposite result occurred in the opposite conditions.
Key words: the Phenomenon of Ever-burning Lamps; the Social Learning theory; Diffusion of Responsibility; Wake-up-cost of Return Model
多数大学生对于高校教室“长明灯”现象司空见惯,不愿意行“举手之劳”,尽管教室开关处贴满了“温馨提示”。那么,到底是什么原因使得大学生这样一个被社会寄予厚望的群体这样“无动于衷”?这当中又蕴含着怎样的社会心理学问题?出于对能源浪费现象的担忧,以及对大学生亲社会行为的重视,本课题结合社会心理学相关理论,欲找寻这一严重现象背后的真实原因,希望对大学生的亲社会行为进行必要的干预和调节。
研究首先从社会学习理论、责任分散理论以及唤醒—代价回报模型等社会心理学理论出发,对高校教室长明灯现象进行理论解释与分析。其次,从以上三个理论中各提取一个变量(榜样、责任分散和情绪唤起),编制相关情境故事问卷,对影响大学生做出关灯行为的因素进行调查,并搜集他们对于关灯行为原因的认识来验证理论推断的解释。本课题的研究假设是:榜样、责任分散和情绪唤起三个变量影响了大学生的关灯行为。