摘要:近年来，随着我国市场经济的发展，像环境污染、食品安全、欺骗坑害消费者等各类损害公共利益和国家利益的案件屡有发生。这些案件在诉讼程序上往往面临着因不具备原告资格而得不到司法救济的结果。而在我国民事诉讼法上尚未确立民事公益诉讼制度，也没有民事公益诉讼原告资格的规定。原告资格的认定将直接关系到整个民事公益诉讼制度能否最终得到确立。因此拓宽民事公益诉讼原告的范围，确立多元化的民事公益诉讼制度有利于保护民众的公共利益。本文通过对国外制度和理论的研究，对我国民事公益诉讼原告资格的多元化提出若干设想，并建立民事公益诉讼原告资格的保障机制，为构建我国的民事公益诉讼制度做出有益的探索。
关键词：民事公益诉讼；原告资格；多元化；保障机制
Abstract:In recent years, With the development of the market economy, a variety of cases that damage the interests of public and state, such as environmental contamination and food security, has occurred repeatedly. These cases are often faced with the proceedings do not have the plaintiff qualifications are not the result of judicial relief.And China's Civil Procedure Law has not established the civil public interest litigation system as well as made no provision for plaintiff qualification of civil public interest litigation. The plaintiff qualifications is the core of civil public interest litigation and the problem whether the civil litigation system will eventually get established will directly depend on the determination of plaintiff qualification standards. Therefore, it is very essential to broaden the scope of the civil public interest litigation and establish the diversification of civil litigation system.
Taking foreign systems and theories as study, this dissertation aims at putting forward several assumptions for the diversification of civil litigation and establishing the security mechanism of civil public interest litigation plaintiff qualification as to make a meaningful contribution to the establishment of China’s civil public interest litigation system.
Key words: civil public interestl itigation； Plaintiff qualification；diversification；public building mechanism
民事公益诉讼是公益诉讼的一个分支，许多国家的诉讼或相关的法律中均已有所体现。但是在我国，对民事公益诉讼的理论研究尚缺乏系统性，并且在立法上，我国的民事诉讼法尚未就民事公益诉讼做出规定,民事公益诉讼仍处在“名不正,言不顺”的尴尬地位,难以充分发挥其应有的作用。目前我国司法实践中出现了大量的民事公益诉讼案件，但是这些案件大多都是以起诉者没有原告资格为由裁定驳回起诉而结案。上述公益诉讼案件的无疾而终足以说明原告资格问题是决定民事公益案件进入诉讼程序的主要障碍之一，要想推动民事公益诉讼的建立和其在司法实践中的有效运行，就必须突破原告资格这一制度瓶颈。因此，对于我国民事公益诉讼原告主体资格的研究迫在眉睫。
