摘要:引渡,是中国民众近来关注的一个热点,往往伴随着经济犯罪分子的外逃及大量国有资产的流失。然而,由于我国引渡制度不够完善,引渡经济外逃犯面临追逃成本大、资金追讨难、大量贪官逍遥法外等现实问题,极大地阻碍了我国在追究外逃经济犯罪嫌疑人法律责任这方面的顺利开展,因此,完善我国关于经济犯罪外逃领域的引渡制度,借各国之力为中国缉捕逃犯,成为中国政府的现实选择。为此,本文拟从我国外逃经济犯罪嫌疑人引渡实践出发,针对我国引渡实践中存在的问题,剖析我国现行引渡制度所存在的问题,借鉴国外完善法律制度,与我国实际情况相结合,提出在当今世界条件下我国应如何完善引渡制度,借以打击国际犯罪活动,使犯罪分子得到应有的惩罚,以期更好地实现我国引渡制度的法律价值。
关键词:引渡制度;经济犯罪外逃现象;引渡障碍;国际引渡合作
Abstract:Extradition,is the Chinese people has been a focus,often accompanied by economic criminals in flight and a large number of state-owned assets loss.However,due to China's extradition system is not perfect,economy faces extradition fugitive pursuit cost,capital recovery difficult,many corrupt officials be still unpunished and other practical problems,greatly hindered the our country in economic legal liability for flight suspects that the smooth development.therefore,the consummation of economic crime flight field of extradition system,by the powers of all countries for China to arrest fugitive,become the actual choice of Chinese government.Therefore,this article from our country to escape economic crime suspect extradition practice sets out,in the light of our country the extradition of the problems that exist in practice,analysis of China's current system of extradition problems,draw lessons from abroad to perfect the legal system,and the actual situation of our country proposed combination,in today's world of our country under the condition of how to perfect the system of extradition,fighting international crime,the crime should be punished,in order to better achieve our country the system of Extradition Law value.
Key words: Extradition system;Economic crime flight;The extradition obstacles;international extradition cooperation
近年来,国内犯罪分子实施犯罪后逃往国外的事件时有发生,这其中又以贪官携巨款外逃居多。从1990年开始,资金外逃额在每年100亿美元上下波动,总体呈上升趋势。贪官携巨款外逃正成为一种具有普遍性的犯罪现象。出逃人员往往会选择欧美等发达国家,出现这种现象的原因在于犯罪分子外逃的目的就是寻找一种比较安逸的生活,资金自然向那些地方转移。此外,他们在遇到引渡、遣返等问题时,往往可以找到比较多的法律救济手段来保护自己。国际社会对逃到外国的嫌犯通常采用引渡的方式,而引渡的根据是双边或多边引渡条约或有关国际公约,由于我国引渡立法起步较晚,发展缓慢,与欧美发达国家的引渡立法不可避免地存在很大的差距,要运用引渡制度进行国际合作打击腐败犯罪还存在着制度和实践上的许多缺陷和困境。因此,如何解决这些难题,有效地惩治外逃贪官、追回转移到境外的国有资产、最大限度地发挥和利用引渡这一国际刑事司法合作的有效机制,从而全面遏制跨国经济犯罪,是我国在完善引渡制度方面必须考虑周全的问题,也是当前社会全民关注的热点和焦点问题。