摘要:1997年新刑法增加了第三百零六条和第三百零七条,目的是为了阻止妨害证据类的行为发生,尤其是防止辩护人、诉讼代理人在诉讼活动中出现此类违法行为。该法实施后,在一定程度上起到了作用。但随着时事和环境的不断发展,第三百零六、第三百零七条,尤其是第三百零六条,成为了架在刑事辩护律师头上的一把刀。由于不能合理合法地运用第三百零六条,加上法条本身内容上的不合理性,导致了许多刑辩律师因此而遭受不白的牢狱之灾。近年来,此类案件愈演愈烈,因此,及时对刑法第三百零六条以及相关法律法规作出修改迫在眉睫,国内专家学者也对此呼声极高。笔者运用所学,针对刑法第三百零六条及相关法律作各方面分析,并提出若干建议。
关键词:律师伪证罪;第三百零六条;刑事辩护制度
Abstract:In 1997 the new criminal law added the Article NO.306 and Article NO.307, the purpose is to prevent obstruction of evidence such acts, particularly against defenders, agent ad litem in action activities in such violations occurred, after implementation of the law, it played a role to some extent. However, with the current affairs and the development of the environment, Article NO.306 and Article NO.307 were caused many problems; especially Article NO.306, which became harmful to a criminal defense lawyer. Because not reasonable and lawful application of Article No. 306, and the methods on the content of the article itself is not rationality, led to a number of criminal defense lawyers into prison. In recent years, such cases intensified, therefore, article No. 306 of this code, as well as relevant laws and regulations in a timely manner to make change is around the corner, domestic experts and scholars on this call is extremely high. I use what I have learned and according to Article NO.306 of the criminal law and other relevant laws for the analysis, and made a number of recommendations.
Key words: Lawyer for perjury ;Article NO.306 ;criminai defense system
刑事辩护豁免权是指辩护律师依法行使辩护职能时,所发表的辩护言论享有不受法律追究的权利。在刑事诉讼中,辩护律师所发表的言论,无论哪个司法机关,无论庭审内外,无论书面或口头,只要该言论系辩护律师针对案件而发表,都不应受到法律的追究。因此,设立辩护律师刑事辩护豁免权,实为辩护律师抵御执业风险,履行辩护职责所必需。当然,并非是说律师在诉讼活动中的一切言论都可免则,都可不负任何法律责任,对律师援用刑事辩护豁免权也应存在限制,如律师在辩护发言时不得诋毁宪法确定的国家根本制度,不得唆使他人违反宪法和法律、律师在辩护时的发言不得侮辱法官、诋毁法庭、扰乱法庭秩序、律师在诉讼过程中不得故意毁灭、伪造证据,指使证人做伪证或者明确指示其委托人从事上述妨害作证的行为。
刑法第三百零六条明确规定了辩护人、诉讼代理人伪证罪,在实践中,实则是专门为刑辩律师而立的规矩。维护司法公正是第三百零六条的最初和最终目的,但实践情况却并非是朝着最初的出发点去的,更像成为一种公检机关利用来对付办案律师的工具,如此的话,司法公正是无法真正得到实现的。从客观方面说,犯罪主体如果不是特定的,完全有立法的必要,毕竟这些行为在世界各国都是严格加以禁止的行为。律师不能妨害司法公正,要通过正当手段为当事人辩护。所以,不管是律师、警察、检察官,所有的人只要符合第三百零六条条这三条罪状,都应该构成犯罪,而不应直接仅把矛头指向律师。现实中,公检法机关冤假错案层出不穷,却不曾有像对待律师伪证这样的专门和力度来改变这一状况,公权力机关掌握着最重要的权利,没有竞争,没有监督,司法公正着实难以实现。