摘要：近年来，随着我国经济社会的不断发展，工业化和城市化的进程加快，产业、人口、财富大量向城市集中，风险也向城市集中，同时由于发展的粗放性带来诸多问题，生态环境变得越来越脆弱，突发事件爆发的频率不断提高，人们正受到自然和人为灾害的严重威胁。对各级政府来讲，通过相应的公共政策的制定和执行来处理涉及到公共利益的危机，是对责任政府履行职责能力的检验。在回应各种危机的挑战中，政府积累了一些危机处理的经验和方法。但是，随着全球化与信息化的迅速发展，现代危机的爆发，影响的形式和范围都有了新的变化，突发性更强，破坏性更大，发生更为频繁，涉及的领域更广。因此，不断完善突发事件应急管理体制，提升决策和应对能力，是各级政府面临的重大课题。
本文从以下几个方面对我国建立和完善突发事件应急管理体制加以论述：首先是对突发事件应急管理体制相关概念的阐述。这一部分主要是对突发事件、应急管理以及应急管理体制等概念进行了界定，并详细的解释了突发事件的特点、分类等；第二部分首先阐述了我国突发事件应急管理体制已经取得的成就，然后从近些年来各种突发事件爆发频率的上升中看到我国在应对突发事件管理过程中还是存在许多问题，进而对我国突发事件存在的问题进行了全面的分析，得出产生问题的原因。最后分别对国外应急管理体制进行了概要分析，旨在为我国突发事件应急管理体制的完善提供一定借鉴，进而提出完善我国突发事件应急管理的对策，最终提升我国突发事件应急管理体制的科学性和可行性。
关键词:突发事件；政府；应急管理；应急管理体制
Abstract：Along with the rapid growth of China's economy, and the increasing complexion of our society in recent years, the modern cities are becoming more and more fragile. They are becoming the cities which a variety of crises happened with increasing frequency, at the same time, they are being threatened by both natural and man-made disasters. Because of the constant present of these disasters, increasingly importance has been attached to safety by people. Governments of cities are formulating the corresponding public policies and regulations to deal with the crises of public interest. During the process of facing and getting over each kind of incidents, the government accumulates several lessons and ways of dealing with urban unexpected public incidents. But at present, economic globalization and informationization in social life are developing rapidly, there is a new change affected by the unexpected incidents, which happened more sudden, destroyed more powerful, with a higher frequency and a lager extent. Meanwhile, governments should improve the emergency management system.
The main contents of the policies and regulations to deal with the incidents can be summarized as follows. Firstly, it will expound the concept of the emergency management system and the relevant concepts. In this part, I will clearly define emergency, emergency management and emergency management systems, I will also specifically explain the traits、classifications of incidents. Next, at first it shows some achievements that we have got, and then we discuss some problems which are still existed about our emergency management system from the higher frequency of incidents, so that we can get the reasons of these problems. Finally, it generally analyses some emergency managements in some other foreign countries, so we can get some suggestions and reference from them to improve our system and make it more scientific and practical.
Key words: Emergency; government; Emergency Management; Emergency Management System
近年来，我国正处在突发事件高峰阶段，在未来很长一段时间内，我国政府都将面临突发事件所带来的严峻考验。有效地应对公共危机和突发事件，保障人民安居乐业，是各级政府不可或缺的重要职责和必备能力。因此，当前政府要居安思危，未雨绸缪，从完善和创新突发事件应急管理体制着手，以至提高突发事件应对系统的整体效能，从而提高政府应对突发事件的管理能力。
西方发达国家对突发事件应急管理的研究较早，理论成果突出，其应急管理体系建设更为完善。总的说来，西方发达国家对突发事件的应急已经形成了一种较为成熟的机制。经过了近些年的理论实践研究，我国突发事件应急管理体制有了明显的提高，也取得了一定的效果。但是与国外相比差距仍然存在，还远远没有达到人们的期望值。我国应更加深刻地认识和把握我国自然灾害频发的国情，更加有效地提高防灾减灾能力，加强全社会灾害防范教育，借鉴国外的经验，结合本国国情，不断完善应急管理体制，全面提升突发事件应急管理能力和水平，更加有力地保护人民生命财产安全和经济社会发展成果，实现经济社会全面、协调、可持续发展。
由于在对政府应急管理系统的建设与评估中，没有考虑经济成本，十分完善的政府应急管理系统，必然需要巨大的投入，这将需要做进一步的研究；就现阶段我国经济发展水平，政府应急管理在一个行政区域内，难以达到很高水平，这就需要跨不同的行政区域协调，共同应对重大突发事件，这也将需要做进一步的研究。
