摘要:住房消费主要是指人们在日常生活中,维持自身的生活以及发展的需要,对住房的投入、使用和消耗,当今社会,房屋的消费在所有社会成员的消费结构中占据的比重越来越大。随着城市化的推入,大量农村社会成员选择外出去城市工作,由此农村各阶层的社会成员对于房屋的选择出现了差异。由于以往大量的研究都是集中在城市住房消费,农村住房消费的研究较少,笔者致力于从社会学的角度,通过对家乡农村社会成员的问卷调查,研究农村各阶层住房消费以及住房浪费等问题,根据具体情况提出建议,对提高农户住房消费水平、改善农村人居环境、合理利用土地资源以及社会主义新农村的建设将起到重要的作用。
关键词:住房消费; 住房浪费; 阶层
Abstract: Housing consumption mainly refers to people’s consumption on housing investment and using in order to maintain their own survival and development. Nowadays, the proportion of housing consumption is getting bigger in the consumption structure of all members of the society. With the development of urbanization, lots of rural social members choose to work in the cities, and the social differences emerged for the housing choice. Because of a lot of studies are concentrated in the housing consumption in the city, less were on rural housing consumption, from the angle of sociology, the author devotes to the study of the problem of rural class housing consumption and housing waste through questionnaire survey to members of the home in rural society, and to give suggestions, according to the specific details, to improve the situation, which might play an important role in enhancing the rural housing consumption level, in improving rural living environment, in the rational use of land resources as well as in the construction of socialist new countryside.
Keyword: housing consumption; housing waste; social stratum
随着改革开放的推入以及市场经济的发展与农村经济社会的变革,当代中国农民作为一个比较庞大的社会利益群体,他们的内部发生了多次层级的变化。现今对于中国农民的分层研究取得了丰厚的成果,如高建民在其调查研究中提出,按照经济基础、生产方式、生活方式的不同,将农村社会成员分为:农业生产者、农民企业家、在乡农民工、进程农民工、农村基层管理者、农村服务业者、农村手工业者七大类;[ 高建民.中国农民概念及其分层研究[J].河北大学学报.2008(4)]唐忠新按照经济收入标准把中国的农民分为:新富阶层、中等收入阶层和贫困者阶层。总的来说,农村社会成员之间的阶层分化是越来越精细化与复杂化的。
在当今住房问题严重的情况下,通过对农村不同阶层社会成员的住房消费认知、消费意愿的对比研究,探讨影响农村居民住房消费行为的因素,对于提高农村居民住房消费水平,节约利用土地资源有着重要的实践意义,同时对于维持农村社会秩序,构建和谐社会以及建设社会主义新农村也具有非常重要的现实意义。