[摘要]: 针对阅读教学中长期存在的教师、学生与文本三者间对话的不平等关系,教育部2001年颁布的新课程标准中明确提出要求, 给予“对话”在教育中的重要位置。“对话”渐渐融入到了阅读教学中。然而当对话在如火如荼进行时,由于对“对话理论”把握得不太准确或者操作失误等原因,可以发现“对话”中仍然存在着一些问题,影响了对话的效果,改变了对话的本意。基于这种现象,本文结合对话理论,提出在实施对话过程中存在的问题,并进行深入探讨,进而提出相应的解决的策略。
[关键词]: 对话;阅读对话;教学对话;问题;策略
[Abstract] :In a long term, the roles of teachers, students and texts in the dialogue are unfair in the teaching of reading. What should be point, in the year of 2001, the new curriculum standards that is put forward by the Ministry of Education says that “dialogue” should be given a significant role in education and “dialogue” begins to mix into the teaching of reading. However, as “dialogue” is very popular, we can still find some problems that affect the results of “dialogue” and change the true meaning of text, owing to lacking knowledge of the “dialogue theory” or error operation and so on. Based on these phenomena, this paper firstly integrate “dialogue theory” and put forward the problems that exist in “dialogue” operation, then it analyses these problems in a further way, and lastly put forward some comparative strategies.
[Key words] : dialogue; reading dialogue; teaching dialogue; problems; strategies
阅读教学如果真正实现了“对话”,就可以改变传统阅读教学中师生间不平等的地位,让学生成为真正的对话主体。在这一实现过程里,教师的引导意义深远。一方面,在学生与文本对话时,教师要努力成为学生与文本对话的“桥梁”。小学生由于自身能力的缺陷,在和文本对话时,经常会出现对文本的客观理解粗、主观感受浅这些毛病。这就需要教师在学生阅读时,走进他们,帮助他们建立丰富的前理解结构,帮助他们发现话题,走进文本,此外还需要培养他们的语感以及训练他们的阅读技能。另一方面,在教学对话过程中,教师要避免主导过分和主导失落这两种极端现象,要在适当的时候对文本进行预设和生成,演绎好“平等中的首席”这一角色,更好地促进自己与学生的对话。“对话”是一个永恒的话题,它所包含的深刻内涵值得笔者在以后的教学生涯不断的探索和感悟。