[摘要]班级规范教育是幼儿社会性教育的重要内容,幼儿形成规范意识和规范能力是实现个体社会化的内容及结果。本文采用质的研究方法,对南京某幼儿园大班幼儿进行了长达7个星期的观察、记录、访谈。收集了大量的资料,主要从班级、幼儿、教师三者出发深入分析了幼儿园班级规范的功能,真实的记录、夹叙夹议的评析了在不同的班级规范事件中幼儿规范的获得,结合实践经验探讨了幼儿园班级规范的有效策略:一、规范内容的合理性;二、规范的主体性;三、评价的有效性;四、成人影响的一致性。
[关键词] 规范;规范事件;规范功能;规范策略
Abstract: The canonical education of class is a vital content of social education.The form of canonical consciousness and capability is the content and result of realizing individuals’ sociality.The text applies the method of quality to observe,note and interview an eldest class of a kindergarten in Nanjing seven weeks .which collected a pile of useful data,It mainly set out from class infants and teachers to analyse the function of canonical class deeply. The real note narration and argument counseled the gain of canonical infant form different class canonical events,discussed the useful methods for kindergarten class rules according to practical experience:First the rationality of canonical content;Second canonical subjectivity;Third practical argument;Fourth the coherence of adult influent.
[Key words] canonical; canonical events; canonical function; canonical strategy
问题的提出
在幼儿园里,我们经常能听到老师说:“某某某小朋友真棒,面前真干净,吃饭一颗米粒都没掉下来”、“某某某小朋友真听话,坐的又直又正”、“某某某小朋友真犯嫌,又插队”…… 可见幼儿园的班级规范无处不在,首先幼儿要对规范有一定的认识,接着通过教师的教育以及自己的实践去认同规范,最后通过强化和认定,自觉的去维护规范。在有人不遵守规范的情况下也就出现了幼儿的“告状”行为。如:“老师,某某某小朋友又抢谁谁谁的玩具了”、“老师,小文衣服还没穿好”……不难发现,教师也在有意无意间向幼儿强调规范的必要性及重要性,希望幼儿能潜移默化的受到影响,从而自觉的去遵守。